摘要：Developing efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)under neutral conditions is important for microbial electrolysis cells(MECs).However,the OER kinetics in neutral electrolytes at present are extremely sluggish,resulting in high overpotentials that greatly limit the energy conversion efficiencies of *** studies failed to probe the adsorbates on surface metal sites of catalysts at the atomic scale and elucidate their influence on the catalytic activities,which has impeded the rational design of efficient neutral OER catalysts with optimal surface ***,using in situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM),in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and in situ low-energy ion scattering studies,we have identified,for the first time,that the electrochemically activated adsorbates on surface metal sites play a critical role in boosting the neutral OER activities of Ru-Ir binary oxide(RuxIryO2)*** adsorbate-activated RuxIryO2on a glassy carbon electrode achieved a low overpotential of 324 m V at10 m A cm-2in neutral electrolyte,with a 36-fold improvement in turnover frequency compared with that of Ir *** application in an MEC system,the resulting full cell showed a decreased voltage of 1.8 V,200 m V lower than the best value reported to date,facilitating efficient synthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)from bioelectrochemical *** functional theory(DFT)studies revealed that the enhanced OER activity of RuxIryO2catalyst arose from local structural distortion of adjacent adsorbate-covered Ru octahedra at the catalyst surface and the consequently decreased adsorption energies of OER intermediates on Ir active center.

摘要：促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)级联信号参与调控植物的多种逆境、生长发育以及花青苷的合成通路。为探究SlMAPK6在番茄中的功能,本研究利用CRISPR/Cas9技术设计3个靶标位点定点编辑SlMAPK6,并获得突变体CRISPR-3和CRISPR-7。PCR和测序结果发现SlMAPK6敲除载体构建成功。通过对T1植株进行卡那霉素基因筛选、靶位点扩增测序及行脱靶效应分析,结果发现矮番茄植株成功突变且未脱靶,与野生型对照表型相比,所有突变植株表现出根系更发达、侧枝增多的表型,表明SlMAPK6在番茄植株形态建成的过程中发挥了重要作用,为进一步探究SlMAPK6在番茄生长发育中的作用奠定了基础。