摘要：Discriminating between different liquids using surfaces with special wettability holds significant implications for both fundamental research and practical ***,current differentiation surfaces still struggle with challenges such as complex microstructure design,a limited detection range,and poor *** this study,we present a new platform for droplet discrimination achieved through a combination of groove structures and a liquid-like polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)brushes *** PDMS brushes coating exhibits excellent stability and low adhesion across a wide range of liquids with surface tensions ranging from 27.5 to 72.8 mN/m,while the groove structure provides distinct energy barriers for droplet ***,liquids with varying surface tensions can be effectively discriminated,as evidenced by the increased sliding angles(SAs)observed as liquids with lower surface tension moving across the ***,we utilized a three dimensional(3D)model of the droplet developed using Surface Evolver,and conducted energy variation calculations during droplet sliding across the groove to analyze the SA differences among liquids with different surface ***,we proposed two simple differentiation platforms that successfully demonstrated effective droplet *** work introduces a novel strategy for droplet discrimination,offering innovative ideas for the design of functional *** findings may potentially be applied in other fields involving droplet manipulation,such as droplet-based microchemical reactions and bio-detection.

摘要：Recently,smart superwetting porous materials have aroused much attention,and it is well known that tunable surface wettability and pore structure/size are extremely important for their ***,only one factor can be regulated on existing materials,which significantly restricts their controllability,functions,and applications.A new material was prepared by electrodepositing a layer of polypyrrole on a shape memory sponge,on which switchable superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity and adjustable pore size within the range of about 28 nm to 895μm can be *** synergistically tuning the wettability and pore size,both ON/OFF water permeation and accurate flux can be ***,we also applied the sponge for molecule release,and diverse release manners with precise/smart controllability can be *** paper reports for the first time a smart material with controllability in both surface wetting and pore size,which provides a new strategy for the preparation of novel smart superwetting porous materials.

摘要：Smart-controlled surface wettability from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity has been extensively explored,and stimulus-responsive strategies have been widely accepted as a useful method to realize ***,achieving smart and precise wetting control remains challenging because most previous studies focused on stimulating single surface chemistry or ***,a dualstimulus-responsive strategy that can synergistically stimulate surface chemistry and microstructures is demonstrated on the pH-responsive molecule poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate(PDPAEMA)-modified temperature-triggered shape memory polymer(SMP)*** responsive PDPAEMA and SMP can provide the surface with tunable surface chemistry and microstructures,***,the wetting of the surface between various states can be reversibly and precisely controlled from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity with contact angle(CA)differences of less than 15° under the cooperative effect between the adjustable surface microstructure and *** surface is further utilized as a platform to create gradient wettings based on its excellent ***,this work presents a strategy for surface wetting control by combining tunable surface microstructures and *** prepared samples with a special wetting controllability can be applied to numerous fields,including adaptive liquid microlenses,accurate drug release,and selective *** work also proposes novel expectations in designing smart functional surfaces.

摘要：为了研究自循环机匣的非定常扩稳机理,针对某型涡轮增压器压气机采用非定常数值计算方法得到了典型工况三维全通道非定常流场。通过对比实壁机匣及自循环机匣压气机在设计工况和近失稳工况的非定常流动特征,探究了实壁机匣在近失稳工况下稳定性降低的原因,并阐明了自循环机匣的非定常扩稳机理。结果表明:实壁机匣压气机上下游非定常扰动分别来自主流叶片和分流叶片间隙泄漏涡,两者相互影响且在同一工况下频谱分布相似、主频相同。其中主流叶片间隙泄漏涡破碎及通道涡的形成是压气机上游非定常脉动增强、堵塞加剧、稳定性下降的主要原因。自循环机匣通过抽吸效应能够有效维持主流叶片前缘间隙泄漏涡稳定性,抑制其破碎,减小高叶高区的流动堵塞,同时能够有效阻碍上下游间隙泄漏涡扰动的相互干扰,从而提升压气机稳定性。

摘要：针对标准H回路成形设计权函数选取困难、所得控制器阶次高的缺点,提出了一种给定结构低阶鲁棒控制器设计方法。该方法综合了低阶权函数优化和静态H控制器,只需设计者给出成形后被控对象奇异值上下界约束的控制点坐标,以及期望的控制器阶次和结构,便可通过基于线性矩阵不等式技术的迭代优化,得到满足预定控制性能要求且使得鲁棒稳定裕量最大化的控制器。运用所提方法设计了蒸汽发生器水位对象的二阶鲁棒控制器。在水位设定值阶跃变化、蒸汽流量阶跃扰动和运行工况点变化的情况下,进行了对比仿真试验。结果表明,所设计的控制系统取得了良好的控制性能,且鲁棒稳定性优于自抗扰控制(active disturbancerejection control,ADRC)策略或双PI控制策略设计的控制系统。

摘要：压水堆是高度非线性、参数时变,并存在较大不确定性的被控对象,工程应用要求其控制器鲁棒性好,抗扰能力强,结构简单,参数整定方便。根据上述需求,文中给出了一种基于线性自抗扰控制的压水堆功率控制器设计方法。首先基于压水堆非线性模型推导出了用于控制器设计的相对功率的二阶非线性模型。然后设计了两种基于降阶扩张状态观测器的压水堆功率线性自抗扰控制策略,即没有模型信息和利用模型信息的情况。并运用变量代换方法避免了观测器要求输入功率的导数项,使其工程实现更容易。仿真结果表明,所设计的两种控制器均具有良好的跟踪性能和抗干扰能力。在模型引入参数时变、参数摄动、未建模动态情况下,均能取得较好的控制品质。但充分利用模型信息时控制性能和性能鲁棒性更佳。

摘要：针对快堆控制器具有更快的响应速度和更高的控制精度的需求,分别设计了堆功率和堆芯冷却剂出口温度线性自抗扰控制器(LADRC)。基于快堆中子动力学模型和堆芯热传输模型分别导出了用于控制器设计的相对功率和冷却剂出口温度的2阶非线性模型,幵基于导出的模型设计了对应的加入模型信息的线性扩张状态观测器(LESO)。采用所导出的2阶模型的时间尺度参数确定了LESO带宽范围,采用偏差和执行机构动作速度允许范围确定了比例-微分(PD)控制器带宽范围,幵据此迚行了LADRC参数整定。仺真结果表明,加入模型信息的LESO具有更好的总扰动估计效果,所设计的LADRC均具有较快的响应速度和较高的控制精度,而采用加入模型信息的LESO的LADRC控制性能更优。

摘要：对一台工业探伤４ＭｅＶ电子直线加速器的有关指标进行了测量，并与它的设计指标进行了比较。

摘要：研究盐胁迫对旋覆花(Inula japonica)幼苗生长和生理指标的影响,为以后旋覆花的推广和应用提供理论依据,并为盐碱地区城市的景观建设和生态绿化提供更为优质的植物种类。以旋覆花幼苗作为试验材料,分别用浓度为0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%的Na Cl、Na2SO4对旋覆花的幼苗进行胁迫处理,结果显示:盐处理使旋覆花叶片中蛋白质含量、光合色素含量显著降低,可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量显著升高;较高盐浓度处理POD活性升高,SOD活性降低;盐胁迫下丙二醛含量变化不显著。旋覆花对Na Cl、Na2SO4抗盐阈值分别为0.75%和1.08%,存活阈值分别为0.85%和2.33%。

摘要：在分析绝对式时栅位移传感器频响特性的基础上,介绍了一种在数字信号处理电路中的数据串并转换思想,并提出了一种基于串并转换思想的绝对式时栅信号处理电路设计方案。信号处理电路采用了复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)芯片,预处理电路将测头信号进行模数转换后,经可编程多路切换器模块处理,自适应地将原始测头信号分别转换为对应的多路并行信号,各路对应的分频信号通过比相电路及传感器信号处理电路模块运算后转换为绝对位移脉冲测量信号,最后将多路绝对位移脉冲测量信号进行并串转换操作输出测量值。对信号处理电路进行了仿真,结果证明,该方法可大大提高时栅位移传感器的频响特性,从而为绝对式时栅位移传感器提供了一种应用于动态测控系统的解决方法。