摘要：To ensure compacted backfilling, it is essential to ensure the reliability of the performance of a solid backfill support, key equipment for integrating backfilling and mining. To evaluate the backfilling performance of a backfill support, the concept of backfill and operation properties is proposed in this study. Moreover, it is elaborated in terms of five aspects, namely, structural property, supporting property, tamping property, mechanical response property, and geological adaptation property, which are specifically reflected by 14 indexes including the supporting intensity and vertical roof gap. Seven separate evaluation indexes are selected to build a backfill and operation properties based system for evaluating the design schemes of the backfill support via a multi-index comprehensive evaluation method; then, the evaluation method and process together with measures to control the backfill and operation properties are proposed. By using this system, 11 schemes for optimizing the ZC5200/14.5/3 backfill support at Zhaizhen Coal Mine are evaluated, and scheme #10 is found to show superior vertical roof gap and other backfill and operation properties, thus demonstrating the reasonability of the evaluation system. On this basis, the backfill support research framework of designing initial scheme, optimizing design scheme, selecting the best evaluation indexes, evaluating optimizing scheme, and evaluating operation properties is built; this should serve as an important reference for further studies on the roof controlling performance of a backfill support.

摘要：For the backfill hydraulic support as the key equipment for achieving integration of backfilling and coal mining simultaneously in the practical process, its characteristics will directly influence the backfill body's compression ratio. Horizontal roof gap, as a key parameter of backfilling characteristics, may impact the backfilling effect from the aspects of control of roof subsidence in advance, support stress, backfilling process and the support design. Firstly, the reason why horizontal roof gap exists was analyzed and its definition, causes and connotation were introduced, then adopting the Pro/E 3D simulation software, three typical 3D entity models of backfill hydraulic supports were built, based on the influence of horizontal roof gap on backfilling effect, and influence rules of four factors, i.e. support height, suspension height, suspension angle and tamping angle, were emphatically analyzed on horizontal roof gap. The results indicate that, the four factors all have significant impacts on horizontal roof gap, but show differences in influence trend and degree, showing negative linear correlation, positive linear correlation, positive semi-parabolic correlation and negative semi-parabolic correlation, respectively. Four legs type is the most adaptive to the four factors, while six legs(II) type has the poorest adaptability, and the horizontal roof gap is small under large support height, small suspension height, small suspension angle and large tamping angle situation. By means of optimizing structure components and their positional relation and suspension height of backfill scrape conveyor in the process of support design and through controlling working face deployment, roof subsidence in advance, mining height and backfilling during engineering application, the horizontal roof gap is optimized. The research results can be served as theoretical basis for support design and guidance for backfill support to have better performance in backfilling.

摘要：在总结综合机械化固体充填采煤技术研究进展的基础上,提出实施煤矸井下分离的现实需求与意义,并着重综述了煤矸选择性破坏法、重介质选煤法、动筛跳汰法等常用井下煤矸分离方法的技术原理、系统及关键装备,提出了井下煤矸分离与固体充填采煤系统设计的基本原理。结合唐山煤矿存在"三下"压煤开采、矿区环境保护以及煤矸井下分离的工程案例,介绍了该矿"采煤→煤矸分离→矸石充填→采煤"闭合循环的采分充采一体化开采技术的基本原理、分离与充填系统设计及实际工程应用效果。研究表明:井下煤矸分离与矸石充填技术的有机结合可实现矸石减排、井下洗选以及地表沉陷控制,是实现绿色开采的重要途径。

摘要：为解决含水层下煤层开采所导致的溃水灾害问题,提出了基于固体充填采煤的保水开采方法,阐述了该方法的基本原理,分析了固体充填开采覆岩导水裂隙演化特征,并基于固体充填开采导水裂隙带高度预计公式,结合《建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程》,建立了含水层下固体充填开采临界充实率计算模型,分区设计了受含水层影响煤层的充实率,进而对煤层进行了充填工作面设计布置。五沟煤矿CT101充填工作面应用结果表明:实测充采质量比平均值为1.32,大于理论设计值1.28,充填效果较好,且导水裂隙带高度仅为10.0 m左右,该方法有效地降低了覆岩导水裂隙带高度,可实现含水层下保水开采的目标。

摘要：总结了矸石直接充填采煤的技术框架,系统地介绍了综采矸石充填技术、普采矸石充填技术和掘巷充填技术的充填开采系统布置、关键设备及充填开采工艺;研发了矸石直接充填采煤技术中矸石自地表向井下运输的大垂深投料系统,并对其进行了优化设计;以综采矸石充填技术为例,分析矸石直接充填开采矿压规律的等价采高模型,得到了充填综采采场所需支护强度,以及充填综采与传统综采支护强度修正系数η,并对充填开采后的地表沉陷进行了预计和实测分析,得出了充填开采较传统综采采场矿压显现减弱、地表变形等级仅为轻微的结论;从实现煤炭资源绿色开采应重视的基础科学研究、重点技术攻关等方面对今后矸石(固体废物)直接充填采煤技术相关研究进行了展望.

摘要：在总结综合机械化固体充填采煤技术研究进展的基础上,提出实施"采选抽充采"集成型煤与瓦斯绿色共采的现实需求与意义,并着重阐述了高瓦斯低渗透煤层开采技术、井下煤矸分选技术、混采工作面开采技术,提出了"采选抽充采"共采技术的基本原理。结合平煤十二矿存在的埋深超千米辅助提升困难、主采煤层瓦斯含量高与渗透率低、上覆煤岩体不具备常规保护层开采条件以及依靠开采"建筑物下"压煤保障矿井产量的开采条件,介绍了该矿"近全岩保护层开采→煤矸井下分选→瓦斯卸压抽采→充填与综采混合开采"的集成型共采技术的主要系统设计及工程应用效果。研究表明:"采选抽充采"集成型煤与瓦斯共采技术实现了高瓦斯低渗透煤层安全高效开采以及矸石直接井下回填,拓展了保护层与充填开采技术,提高了矿井资源采出率,延长了矿井服务年限。

摘要：为了掌握矸石-粉煤灰充填开采中充填体的变形特性,采用MTS 815.02电液伺服岩石力学试验系统及自行设计的压实装置,通过一系列压实特性试验,比较分析了矸石-粉煤灰充填材料压实过程中的变形特征,研究了矸石-粉煤灰充填材料的基本变形规律,将其变形过程分为3个基本阶段,得出了矸石与粉煤灰充填体的最佳配比为1∶0.3,并提出为提高充填效果必须对充填入采空区后的充填体进行不小于2 MPa初步压实.工程实践表明,充填综采工作面的岩层移动控制效果良好,基本没有影响到地表的建筑和设施的正常使用.

摘要：为探究浅埋薄基岩超长工作面液压支架群组的承载特性,构建了工作面煤壁-支架-顶板的弹性基础梁力学模型,研究了7种因素对支架阻力的影响。理论计算与实测结果吻合良好。研究结果表明:支架工作阻力呈单峰值与“M”形三峰值两种分布形式;工作面长度、基本顶厚度和弹性模量影响支架阻力分布曲线形状和高阻力范围;采高和上覆岩层载荷影响曲线值;支架刚度影响高阻力范围;巷帮刚度影响靠近巷道侧的支架阻力。基于此,提出了包括确定适当面长、支架分区调控、煤壁协同控制、巷帮主动强化等手段在内的浅埋薄基岩超长工作面关键安全管控措施。研究成果可为浅埋薄基岩超长工作面支架阻力设计与灾害预防提供理论依据。

摘要：可穿戴设备XR牵引供电系统虚拟仿真培训系统作为一种新型数字化培训模式,逐步深入应用到数字化电气化铁路建设中,异构信息的丰富和多种交互方式为系统安全设计增加了设计复杂性和实现难度。文章提出了从系统架构、功能、业务、内容多维度一体化安全设计方法,构建了三维仿真安全架构,实现了一套安全三维仿真牵引供电虚拟仿真系统。该系统设计与实现方法具有很强的扩展性,能够有效增强仿真实训系统安全性,对目前数字化铁路信息安全系统建设有极大现实意义。

摘要：目的通过数字优化设计寻找下胫腓联合骨隧道最佳置入位置。方法选取西南医科大学附属中医医院95名下胫腓联合损伤患者的100个下胫腓联合CT资料,导入Mimics19.0软件中重建模型。在胫骨和腓骨之间进行虚拟钻孔并设计隧道叠加在重建模型上,作为虚拟模型。此外进行3D打印作为实际模型。分别测量8个参数,分别为骨隧道长度,胫骨隧道中心到胫骨前、后部的距离,腓外侧隧道中心到腓骨前、后部的距离,骨隧道胫骨侧点到内踝距离,骨隧道腓骨侧点到外踝距离以及骨隧道与水平面间夹角。结果比较了虚拟模型和实际模型的8个参数,测量结果间差异均不明显(P>0.05)。在解剖学层面上不同性别结果差异存在统计学意义(P0.05)。结论数字优化设计可以为下胫腓联合重建提供精准可靠的骨隧道,从而为手术提供良好的固定,帮助患者尽早恢复踝关节功能。