摘要：This paper presents a case study on structure design and establishment of database application system for alien species in Shandong Province, integrating with Geographic Information System, computer network, and database technology to the research of alien species. The modules of alien species database, including classified data input, statistics and analysis, species pictures and distribution maps, and out date input, were approached by Visual *** 2003 and Microsoft SQL server 2000. The alien species information contains the information of classification, species distinction characteristics, biological characteristics, original area, distribution area, the entering fashion and route, invasion time, invasion reason, interaction with the endemic species, growth state, danger state and spatial information, i.e. distribution map. Based on the above bases, several models including application, checking, modifying, printing, adding and returning models were developed. Furthermore, through the establishment of index tables and index maps, we can also spatially query the data like picture, text and GIS map data. This research established the technological platform of sharing information about scientific resource of alien species in Shandong Province, offering the basis for the dynamic inquiry of alien species, the warning technology of prevention and the fast reaction system. The database application system possessed the principles of good practicability, friendly user interface and convenient usage. It can supply full and accurate information inquiry services of alien species for the users and provide functions of dynamically managing the database for the administrator.

摘要：The farming-pastoral zone of northern China plays a dual role in ecological conditions and production and occupies an important position in the national economy. In this paper, the methodology of system engineering is introduced to construct and optimize an eco-productive paradigm system for the typical areas of the farming-pastoral zone. The system was constructed in the following steps: (1) design the framework of the paradigm system based on the data of physical site characteristics, biocommunities, production and economy, social culture and historical changes; (2) analyze the vegetation patterns, the interactions between vegetation and environmental factors (natural, social, economic, etc.) and the contributions of vegetation to the area, including the synthesis of the existing researches; and (3) provide the spatial arrangements of ecosystems and planning of each area, raise a comprehensive indicators of evaluation, evaluate the feasibility and soundness, and determine the optimum eco-productive paradigms for policy-makers which were land-use patterns within the threshold of ecological conservation. Three primitive paradigms of Maowusu (Mu Us) Ssandy Land, Loess Plateau and Huailai Basin in the farming-pastoral zone of northern China were proposed according to this paradigm system.

摘要：Ecological restoration是现代生态学最活跃的关键行动之一,在我国被译为"生态恢复"。经查验其英语涵义和演变过程,建议正名为"生态重建",指在人为辅助下的生态活动。而"生态恢复"(recovery)在国际文献中指没有人直接干预的自然发生过程,二者不容混淆。作者强调自然恢复和生态重建的三类时间尺度,即地质年代尺度(千、万、亿年)自然生态系统世代交替和演替尺度(十、百、千年)和生态建设时间尺度(一、十、百年)。前二者为自然恢复尺度。三者相差2–3个数量级或更多。人类不能超尺度地依赖自然恢复能力,自然与人为时间尺度的不匹配是自然恢复难以满足人类社会生态需求的根本原因。作者质疑"以自然恢复为主"和"从人工建设转向自然恢复为主的转变"提法。认为把生态重建的责任推诿给自然去旷日持久地恢复,是不负责任和不作为的逻辑和有悖于"谁破坏,谁补偿;谁污染,谁治理;谁享用,谁埋单"的全球环保公理和生态伦理观念。除恢复重建自然的生态系统外,还要发展人工设计生态方案等未来生态重建途径。

摘要：防治荒漠化的“三圈”生态-生产范式,是干旱生态系统优化与重建的新结构。根据在鄂尔多斯和新疆等地的研究和实践,从干旱生态系统结构、过程和功能来讨论荒漠化防治的“三圈”范式。地理圈层结构(地理地带性)是“三圈”范式的自然地理背景。从宏观尺度和功能方面划分,“三圈”范式在空间尺度上有大“三圈”和小“三圈”之分,大“三圈”控制洲际范围的荒漠化扩展及沙尘暴蔓延,小“三圈”则以控制区域性风沙活动、沙尘暴和就地起沙的危害。防治荒漠化工程是复杂的多元组合和多功能的系统,我国西北地区受荒漠化影响严重,宏观的大“三圈”与多区域的小“三圈”有机结合,形成圈圈相护、层层设防的严密防护与生产系统,有效地控制大范围风沙危害、改善地方气候与小气候,并对发展经济,提高人民生活发挥重要作用。因此,“三圈”范式的概念与结构既是以自然地理地带性为基础,又是人类对自然、环境与生态系统格局的规律认识,更是科学的人类恢复、重建干旱区生态环境与可持续发展的生态设计范式。

摘要：多年生灌木沙棘和中间锦鸡儿是黄土高原生态重建的重要物种,设计人工模拟水分胁迫实验,测量沙棘和中间锦鸡儿蒸腾作用的各种指标,研究其蒸腾特性对水分胁迫的适应方式。结果表明,同等水分处理条件下,中间锦鸡儿单叶水平上的蒸腾速率高于沙棘。沙棘和中间锦鸡儿的蒸腾速率日进程在晴天、阴雨天和生长发育的不同阶段明显不同。夜间蒸腾占全天蒸腾的比例相当大,夜间蒸腾在不同物种之间、不同供水量之间存在明显差异,而且越干旱的环境比例越大。两种植物气孔阻力的季节变化格局在不同水分处理间大体相似。沙棘的昼夜蒸腾节律在各种水分处理条件下都表现出明显的气孔振荡现象,而中间锦鸡儿没有。叶片温度、光合有效辐射和气孔阻力是各种水分条件下沙棘和中间锦鸡儿蒸腾作用的共同的限制因子,相对于沙棘,中间锦鸡儿还更多地受到空气相对湿度的影响。

摘要：In order to examine the effects of the decrease of future precipitation on the eco-physiological characteristics of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.) in Huangfuchuan Watershed in Nei Mongol, a water gradient experiment was conducted based on the four specially designed water supply levels, including normal precipitation, slight drought, drought and extreme drought. Results of ANOVE showed that different water gradients had a significant effect on (1) microhabitat factors, such as soil water content and soil temperature; (2) gas exchange, such as net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate; (3) resource use efficiency; and (4) leaf water potential. Water use efficiency of H rhamnoides could increase under moderate water stress, i.e. drought condition, while its net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate decreased. All kinds of eco-physiological characteristics proved H. rhamnoides seedlings under all water supplies were affected by water stress more or less and that mechanism of intrinsic physiological regulation in seedlings under the extreme drought conditions had the appearance of turbulence to a certain extent. Therefore, H rhamnoides seedlings in Huangfuchuan Watershed could not acclimate to extreme drought conditions.

摘要：结合GIS和矢量图形编辑软件在相关研究应用中的优势及技术特点,针对两类软件在现代农业规划图制作中的结合应用进行研究,分析并实践了其设计思路及制作技术,论述了GIS和矢量图形编辑软件相结合的模式在现代农业规划制图中的现实意义。

摘要：虚拟样机技术为解决传统产品开发过程中存在的问题提供了有效的途径。为此,分析了利用虚拟样机技术进行产品设计的特点,总结了虚拟样机的关键技术和设计流程,研究了农业机械设计中应用虚拟样机技术的现状与必要性,并探讨了虚拟样机技术在农业机械设计中存在的问题和发展趋势。

摘要：针对现有战时装备维修任务分配中考虑约束条件不足、脱离实际的问题,以指派问题为基础,建立装备维修任务分配模型。该模型是在时间限制和维修能力限制的约束条件下,综合考虑装备修理时间、机动时间和维修能力的变化等因素,以修竣装备的重要度之和最大为目标,进行维修任务分配的最优决策。同时设计一种两阶段启发式算法,运用遗传算法和邻域搜索方法进行模型求解。通过算例和对比分析,验证了该方法的合理性和有效性。

摘要：针对维修部门对泵的性能测试方法落后,准确度和效率低等问题,开发了一种基于虚拟仪器技术的泵修后试验系统,给出了系统的硬件组成和软件开发。该系统通过采集泵的转速、流量、扬程等性能参数,并与规定的性能参数相比较,判断泵的技术状态。试验证明该系统操作简单,准确度和效率高。