摘要：The question whether human nature is good or evil has been argued about throughout the *** paper contends that man’s actions are driven by his needs for self-existence and *** judgment is mostly determined by social norms,and different times may give different judgments to human *** man is good or evil depends on the actions taken in the situations and from the balance between self-existence and altru-existence in *** balance point between self-existence and altru-existence may vary from person to person and from culture to *** in the same person,at the different stages of his life or in different situations,the position of the balance point may change *** paper also applies the idea of balance point to the explanation of the formation of the Chinese national character.

摘要：As one of the Confucian classics, Shijing （i~） occupies a pivotal position in the development of Chinese culture. This paper makes a comparative study on the English translation of plant and animal images in Shijing, trying to reveal the cultural connotations in them and to suggest some translation strategies for the correct transference of cultural implications in plant and animal images in the poems of this ancient book.

摘要：包世臣认为,为文除要严守文法,做到"其言有序"外,还要做到"其言有物",而且就"其言有序"和"其言有物"比较而言,后者具有更为重要的意义。他的一个基本观点是认为,"文字之教"的基本功能是"成其俗"。因此,他主张文学家要介入社会,关心国计民生。与此相联系,他主张为文要"崇实"而反对"致饰"。包世臣诗论的核心,是儒家的诗教原则。当然,作为嘉道年间的重要诗人,包世臣也特别重视诗的艺术性。首先,他认为写诗要直抒胸臆,"言为心声";其次,他主张华实结合,朴质得宜,反对华而不实,尤其反对"侈于声色";第三,他虽然反对"侈于声色",但不反对韵律,认为写诗要讲求平仄。基于上述见解,包世臣将诗分成上、次、下三类。包世臣的文学成就,主要表现在两个方面,一是文,二是诗。尤其是他的诗,无论形式的多样性,还是题材的广泛性,以及内容的思想性与艺术性的统一,在嘉道年间的诗人中都是一流的。

摘要：第一次世界大战后西方出现的"中学热",促进了二三十年代中国传统文化的西传,不仅以儒家著作为代表的中国古代经典、中国古典小说、中国古典诗文、中国古典戏曲被大量地翻译、介绍到西方,而且还出版了一大批西方汉学家研究、介绍中国历史、文化、哲学、宗教、语言、文字、艺术、地理等方面的著作及有关资料集。从抗战爆发到第二次世界大战期间,中外文化交流特别是中学的西传不仅没有因战争的影响而中断,相反,由于有关方面的重视和中国国际地位的提高而有了进一步的扩大。但与以前西传的内容有所不同,这一时期西传的主要不是中国的传统文化,而是中国的文艺家们在战火中创作的抗战文艺作品。

摘要：五里沟与咱里沟是大渡河流域某拟建水电站坝区的泥石流沟,在自然和人为因素的触发下有发生大规模泥石流的可能,将对水电工程的设计施工以及今后运行的持续稳定造成重大影响。危险性评价结果表明,咱里沟属于低度危险的泥石流沟,而五里沟属于中度危险的泥石流沟,可能造成重大灾害与严重的危害。进一步分析,在施工期泥石流对拟建水电工程的施工场地与设备影响突出,对工程的安全构成威胁。水库蓄水后,产生较大规模涌浪的可能性不大,泥石流对水电站正常的发电和安全运作造成的影响也较小。

摘要：Cyclic dinucleotides(CDNs) are known to activate stimulator of interferon genes(STING) and induce type I interferon responses, therefor possess great potentials to be of immunotherapeutic value for cancers and infectious diseases. However, the existence of different single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) of human STING(hSTING) gene poses an obstacle to achieve broad-spectrum activation by CDNs. We reported here the design and synthesis of a total of 36 CDNs, representing all structural variations, that contain four bases(A, G, C, U) and two linkage directions(2′-5′-linked and 3′-5′-linked phosphodiester).Through systematic evaluation of IFN-β induction with a dual-luciferase reporter assay, we discovered that wild type hSTING and two isoforms(HAQ and AQ) showed strong response while hSTING-R232 H and R293 Q exhibited the relatively weak response to CDNs stimulation. For the first time, we found that the c[G(2′,5′)U(2′,5′)] showed excellent activity against all five hSTING variants even equivalent to the endogenous ligand c[G(2′,5′)A(3′,5′)]. Furthermore, we have also demonstrated that 3′-3′CDNs with two 3′-5′ phosphodiesters showed higher serum and hydrolase stability than 2′-2′ CDNs with two 2′-5′ phosphodiesters and 2′-3′ CDNs with one 2′-5′ and one 3′-5′ phosphodiester. It is very interesting to note that 2′-2′ CDNs has been found for the first time to show strong activity. These findings will stimulate our exploration for the new functional role of CDNs, and provide guidelines to design CDNs based hSTING targeted drugs.

摘要：针对外部扰动对光电跟踪伺服系统精度的影响,对稳定回路提出了一种两自由度内模控制,将控制器的设计转化为标准的H∞优化问题,使得系统对模型误差及参数摄动具有较强的鲁棒性。采用jump变换、提升操作等采样控制系统的理论与方法来优化设计相应的鲁棒控制器,综合考虑了系统的多采样率行为及采样点间的动态特性。仿真结果表明,相比于传统的鲁棒控制器设计方法,所设计的多采样率控制器的鲁棒性能指标为1.4135,能够更真实地反映光电跟踪伺服系统的多采样率特性对系统鲁棒性能的影响,且具有较高的指令跟踪精度及较强的扰动抑制性能。本文的研究为高精度光电跟踪伺服控制系统的设计提供了新方法。

摘要：'高速化'、'精确化'是未来飞行器一个极为重要的发展方向,是提高飞行器效能的有效手段,而先进飞行器的研制强烈依赖于地面模拟试验设备——风洞。目前我国现有的超声速风洞设备尺寸和试验模拟能力还有很大不足,主要体现在真实模拟、模拟能力、精确测量等方面。在这种背景下,开展了2m超声速风洞的建设,笔者针对风洞的特点主要介绍结构总体设计概况。该风洞为下吹-引射式暂冲型超声速风洞,采用全钢结构,主要涉及风洞总体布局、模型更换方式、支座布局、风洞洞体各部段间连接、密封和定位、风洞洞体的强度和刚度、洞体水压试验等问题。

摘要：针对不同推力级高涵道比涡扇发动机的结构设计与定量评估的需求,修正了弯曲刚度轴向分布系数和变形协调性参数的计算公式。对不同推力级的典型高涵道比涡扇发动机CFM56与GE90采用结构效率评估方法进行计算与对比,结果表明:GE90高压转子的弯曲刚度分散系数高出CFM56高压转子的17.7%,大尺寸发动机高压转子应当增强局部刚度;在承载能力设计中大尺寸发动机重点关注风扇处可能引起的转静件碰摩,小尺寸发动机重点关注间隙变化带来的气动效率损失;两台发动机低压转子的弯曲应变能系数均大于20%,对连接结构的设计应当避免应变能集中处;GE90转静间隙变化量范围[-4.5mm,2.3mm],明显高于CFM56的[-1.4mm,1.0mm];在不平衡量作用下,整机振动动力学响应及敏感度分析中,需同时关注不平衡量的大小和相位的影响。

摘要：研究了一种能够降低平面结型碲镉汞(HgCdTe,MCT)焦平面阵列光串音的新型结构.该结构通过对平面结型MCT焦平面阵列的衬底几何形状的优化设计,来达到增大光响应率、减少光串音的目的,以期提高器件的性能.提出了结构优化的快速近似设计方法,并利用商用器件模拟软件对Hg0.78Cd0.22Te器件进行了二维模拟.计算结果显示:当少子寿命为10 ns时,经过优化设计后的器件,光响应率增加了9.6%,光串音从未优化前的5.23%减小到1.05%.