摘要：Blended-Wing-Body(BWB) configuration, as an innovative transport concept, has become a worldwide research focus in the field of civil transports development. Relative to the conventional Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration, the BWB shows integrated benefits and serves as a most promising candidate for future ‘‘green aviation'. The objective of the present work is to figure out the effects of the stability margin and Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption(TSFC) on the BWB design in the framework of Multi-Disciplinary Optimization(MDO). A physically-based platform was promoted to study the effect static stability margin and engine technology level. Low-order physically based models are applied to the evaluation of the weight and the aerodynamic performance. The modules and methods are illustrated in detail, and the validation of the methods shows feasibility and confidence for the conceptual design of BWB aircrafts. In order to find out the relation between planform changes and the selection of stability and engine technology level, two sets of optimizations are conducted separately. The study proves that these two factors have dominant effects towards the optimized BWB designs in both aerodynamic shapes, weight distribution, which needs to be considered during the MDO design process. A balance diagram analysis is applied to find out a reasonable static stability margin range. It can be concluded that a recommended stability margin of a practical BWB commercial aircraft can be half of that of a conventional TAW design.

摘要：Strong shock waves and flow separation often occur during the integration of nacelle and airframe for blended-wing-bodies with podded engines. To address this problem, this paper presents an integration method with numerical simulations. The philosophy of channeling flow and avoiding the throat effect on the nacelle and airframe is established based on the analysis of flow interference in the initial configuration. A parametric integration design method is proposed from twodimensional plane to three-dimensional space with control mechanisms and selection principles of the key parameters determined by their influences. Results show that strong shock waves and flow separation can be successfully eliminated under the influence of both the reshaped channel and decelerated inflow below the nacelle. Supersonic regions around the nacelle are effectively reduced, concentrating mainly on the lip position. Thus, a significant cruise drag reduction(8.7%) is achieved though the pressure drag of the nacelle increases.

摘要：Commercial aircraft family design can reduce development costs, shorten development cycles, and expand the market coverage of aircraft. Commercial aircraft family development has become one of the most important features of modern aircraft design. This paper explores the effects of commonality on different aircraft models in a commercial aircraft family. The existing product commonality indexes are summarized and their limitations in the application to aircraft design are discussed. Then a new component commonality index is proposed based on the component decomposition structure. A model for calculating the aircraft program value is established,which considers development costs, manufacturing costs, sale price, operation costs and residual costs. The effects of aircraft commonality on time and economic costs of both development and manufacturing, and on sale price, are analyzed and quantified. The commonality evaluation strategy is obtained, which features comprehensive consideration of the aircraft program value and time costs. The break-even analysis of aircraft is proceeded on the basis of costs and price data. By using a real option method, the strategy considers the uncertainty of the aircraft program and the flexibility of the manufacturer. This strategy proves to be rational and applicable to aircraft design based on the calculation of three examples and the analysis of parameter sensitivity.

摘要：Civil aviation faces great challenges because of its robust projected future growth and potential adverse environmental effects. The classical Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration following the Cayley’s design principles has been optimized to the architecture’s limit, which can hardly satisfy the further requirements on green aviation. By past decades’ investigations the BlendedWing-Body(BWB) concept has emerged as a potential solution, which can simultaneously fulfill metrics of noise, emission and fuel burn. The purpose of the present work is to analyze the developments of critical technologies for BWB conceptual design from a historical perspective of technology progress. It was found that the high aerodynamic efficiency of BWB aircraft can be well scaled by the mean aerodynamic chord and wetted aspect ratio, and should be realized with the trade-offs among stability and control and low-speed performance. The structure concepts of non-cylinder pressurized cabin are of high risks on weight prediction and weight penalty. A static stability criterion is recommended and further clear and adequate criteria are required by the evaluations of flying and handling qualities. The difficulties of propulsion and airframe integration are analyzed. The energy to revenue work ratios of well-developed BWB configurations are compared,which are 31.5% and 40% better than that of TAW, using state-of-art engine technology and future engine technology, respectively. Finally, further study aspects are advocated.

摘要：随着碳排放政策日趋严格,航空绿色出行成为民机设计新目标之一,传统布局的民航客机气动效率、结构效率提升空间有限,很难实现大幅减阻,采用新布局结合新能源的设计方案,成为当下研究的热点。本文总结了翼身融合(BWB)、桁架支撑翼(TBW)、三翼面(TSA)的新布局以及纯电为代表的新能源技术研究进展,基于“乘风2.0”200 kg级无人飞行验证机的布局特征,采用计算流体力学(CFD)和工程估算开展了三翼面布局气动特性分析和布局收益评估,分析了前翼与尾翼单独偏转和组合偏转力矩特性,前翼在大迎角具有较好的推杆改出和操纵能力;验证机完整的三翼面布局,相对于其取消前翼的布局,在4°迎角可获得约7%配平升力收益,考虑前翼方案带来的零阻、下洗、增重不利影响,仍可获得19.7count减阻收益,巡航升阻比提升3%;前翼+尾翼部件导致全机增重约0.3%;给出了分布式动力推进架构,该架构可减小90%不对称推力力矩;基于无人飞行验证机开展纯电动力架构和性能的飞行试验,得到了验证机45 m/s巡航所需功率约20 kW,巡航能耗为0.126 kW·h/km,35 m/s巡航所需功率8 kW,巡航能耗为0.065 kW·h/km;最大功率出现在起飞阶段为45 kW,是巡航功率的2倍,起飞能耗在飞行剖面占比约2%。

摘要：翼身融合布局是未来民机最有可能实现的非常规布局形式,其气动布局方案的验证通常采用缩比模型飞行试验的方式进行。以某翼身融合布局低速验证机为研究对象,以数值计算方法为基础,分析了其在飞行试验中存在的纵向和横向不稳定现象,提出了改善的方案--增加前缘缝翼。对此验证机进行前缘缝翼的气动布局设计、典型翼型的二维前缘缝翼设计和机翼三维前缘缝翼的气动设计,利用数值计算方法对设计结果进行纵向和横向分析。结果显示,所设计的前缘缝翼可以明显地增大验证机的失速迎角,改善其纵向力矩特性和横向特性。

摘要：为了解决翼身融合(BWB)背撑发动机布局的飞机-发动机流动干扰问题,依据BWB流场特征,提出背撑式动力短舱设计思想:采用轴对称短舱,结合可以减小短舱外部流动对机体影响的外罩型面和满足进气效率要求的进气道型面设计。基于本文构建的动力短舱参数化建模方法和多点优化设计方法,开展兼顾内外流的短舱综合优化设计研究,最后对设计方案安装状态流场进行分析。结果表明:提出的设计方法可以给出具有不同内外流气动特性、满足BWB背撑式发动机动力短舱多点设计要求的设计方案,巡航状态短舱外表面和全推力状态进气道最大马赫数最大可减小8.35%和11.81%,优化结果在最大推力和侧风起飞状态也具有良好的进气道性能;动力短舱安装状态消除了高速巡航飞行状态下短舱和机体之间的强激波和后体流动分离,低速大迎角状态机体外流能够为发动机提供均匀稳定的进气,进气道总压恢复系数满足设计要求。

摘要：翼身融合(BWB)布局是“绿色航空”发展目标的下一代大型民用飞机的理想布局。由于高度融合的外形特点,BWB布局难以通过应用传统增升装置实现低速增升与配平的协调设计。本文采用开缝钝头克鲁格襟翼提高BWB布局低速失速特性。首先,构建了克鲁格襟翼二维参数化方法,该方法符合克鲁格襟翼运动机构特点,可准确描述几何外形与缝道配置。其次,开展克鲁格襟翼几何参数与偏转角度的影响规律研究,分析流动形态与增升机理,提出设计原则。综合考虑外形、运动机构与遮蔽效应等设计约束,以提高增升能力为目标,开展前缘开缝克鲁格襟翼优化设计。优化设计结果满足设计约束,数值分析表明其增升能力比初始外形与经典缝翼均有明显提高。最终,采用前缘开缝克鲁格襟翼与后缘简单襟翼构建BWB增升构型,数值模拟与风洞试验结果表明,增升方案能够实现升力系数要求,降低了对配平能力的需求,减小了增升装置和高升力配平设计压力。提出的克鲁格襟翼设计方法不仅适用于BWB布局,也为传统布局民机增升装置设计提供了技术支持。

摘要：在翼身融合布局客机总体设计阶段,为评估设计方案的总体性能,建立了翼身融合布局客机总体参数综合分析与优化平台,该平台以翼身融合布局客机的几何参数为输入,完成动力、几何、重量、气动、性能和经济性等模块分析,并以此为基础建立优化设计模型。为快速评估设计方案的性能及优化设计效果,动力分析模块采用了部件级分析模型,重量分析模块采用半经验估算方法,气动分析模块采用面元法结合工程估算方法,性能分析模块采用简化运动学方法,优化模型采用可并行计算的子集模拟优化算法。以某555座级翼身融合布局客机方案为例,应用开发的分析与优化平台,完成了总体参数分析,结果表明分析模型合理。在此方案的基础上,以客机的外形参数和发动机海平面最大推力为设计变量,分别建立了以最大起飞重量最小为目标的单目标优化,以及同时以直接使用成本和进场速度最小为目标的多目标优化,单目标优化结果最大起飞重量降低了约7.17%,多目标优化结果表明直接使用成本降低8.77%的同时进场速度会增加3.32%。

摘要：由NASA和波音公司共同提出的拉挤杆缝合高效一体化结构(PRSEUS),由于具有优异的抗压稳定性和止损/止裂等承载优势,已成为解决翼身融合布局民机非圆截面机身结构承载效率低和稳定性差等问题的主要途径。本文针对典型PRSEUS受压壁板结构,开展了线性/非线性屈曲及渐进损伤分析;提出了综合考虑蒙皮、止裂带、长桁翻边、隔框翻边等一体化缝合元件贯穿支撑构型几何关系和偏置参考面的建模方法,提高了PRSEUS受压壁板有限元模型的精度;提出了综合考虑屈曲特征值、非线性屈曲载荷等多影响因素的网格收敛性分析方法,提高了PRSEUS受压壁板屈曲分析的计算效率;提出了最小屈曲特征值、几何节点偏移以及最小屈曲特征值-几何节点偏移组合式等3种初始缺陷引入方法,提高了PRSEUS受压壁板损伤分析的计算精度;完成了基于纤维与基体损伤本构关系的典型PRSEUS受压壁板非线性屈曲损伤分析,通过与试验结果对比,给出了针对PRSEUS结构的非线性屈曲渐进损伤演化分析方法。为翼身融合布局民机PRSEUS结构的稳定性/损伤分析和设计提供了方法和技术支撑。