摘要：Insulin is widely used in treating diabetes, but still needs to be administered by needle injection. This study investigated a new needle-free approach for insulin delivery. A portable powder needleless injection（PNI） device with an automatic mechanical unit was designed. Its efficiency in delivering insulin was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. The skin irritation caused by the device was investigated and the results were analyzed in relation to aerodynamic parameters. Inorganic salt-carried insulin powders had hypoglycemic effects, while raw insulin powders were not effective when delivered by PNI, indicating that salt carriers play an important role in the delivery of insulin via PNI. The relative delivery efficiency of phosphate-carried insulin powder using the PNI device was 72.25%. A safety assessment test showed that three key factors（gas pressure, cylinder volume, and nozzle distance） were related to the amount of skin irritation caused by the PNI device. Optimized injection conditions caused minimal skin lesions and are safe to use in practice. The results suggest that PNI has promising prospects as a novel technology for delivering insulin and other biological drugs.

摘要：山茶油素有"东方橄榄油"美誉,实现掺假山茶油的鉴别具有重要实用价值,采用近红外光谱技术对掺有葵花油的山茶油进行检测。分别以1%,5%,10%为梯度制备掺假比例不同的山茶油样品,并根据掺假比例将其分为A组(0%~5%)和B组(6%~10%)共11个样品,C组(15%~40%)6个和D组(50%~100%)6个样品。将每个掺假样品充分混匀后再分为9份,依次采集其1 000~2 500nm范围的吸收光谱,共获得207条光谱曲线。每组样品的光谱数据按2∶1随机分为训练集与验证集。经去除首尾噪声后,通过主成分分析法(principal component analysis,PCA)降维,并利用前四个主成分建立了鉴别山茶油不同掺假等级的主成分-支持向量机判别模型,训练集与验证集的总体判别准确率分别达96.38%和94.20%;进一步,通过对前四个主成分的载荷系数的分析,并结合原始光谱,提取建模过程中权重较大的波长并解析其化学含义,最终确定出五个特征波长:1 212,1 705,1 826,1 905及2 148nm,以此波长重新建立近红外特征光谱山茶油掺假等级判别模型,对训练集与验证集的总体判别准确率也达到了94.20%和92.75%。研究结果表明,利用近红外光谱和特征光谱均能够较好实现山茶油掺假等级的鉴别,同时所建立的近红外特征光谱模型也为设计相应的掺假山茶油实用便携式检测仪器提供了理论基础。

摘要：以京台高速公路某大桥为工程背景,设计了相应的新型组合高墩。通过有限元方法,考虑包括材料与几何非线性,分别采用实体单元建立了针对高墩悬臂施工阶段的模型,以及梁单元建立了全桥运营阶段模型分析其稳定性,获得其稳定承载力以及稳定系数。通过有限元参数分析,探讨了不同工况、墩身高度、软钢板厚度、屈服强度以及系梁间距对高墩稳定性的影响。计算结果表明,悬臂不平衡施工为最不利工况,组合高墩发生纵桥向压弯变形失稳,该阶段高墩的稳定系数相较悬臂平衡施工阶段下降30%。不同工况下,墩身的最不利截面处于受压侧钢管混凝土柱距离墩底0.1~0.2高度区域;随着墩身长细比增大,稳定系数出现显著下降,其破坏模式由弹塑性失稳逐渐转变为弹性失稳;软钢板厚度增大有利于稳定系数的提高;系梁间距按照传统高墩经验设计,取10 m~12 m最有利高墩稳定。基于参数分析结果,提出新型组合高墩简化模型,所得到的稳定承载力计算方法,适用于长细比超过70的组合高墩;当长细比小于70,建议采用短柱极限承载力折减方法计算。

摘要：创新能力的培养不仅是研究生教育的本质要求,也是党和国家发展的战略需求,对实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦具有重要意义。课程思政应贯穿研究生创新能力培养的全过程,但目前研究生课程思政和创新能力培养仍需深度融合。在创新能力培养的科研活动全过程积极融入课程思政对学生成长和科研创新具有重要作用。为此,本文以呼吸免疫研究团队研究生培养为例,重点探讨课程思政融入研究生成长和创新能力培养的设计和具体实施方案,这将为今后优化研究生课程思政教学,培养德才兼备的医学专业创新型人才提供思路。

摘要：大径厚比钢管混凝土构件局部屈曲问题较为突出,在螺旋加劲肋新型约束形式基础上,提出了螺旋加劲方钢管混凝土叠合柱。通过偏心受压试验研究发现,螺旋肋可对大径厚比方钢管形成较好的约束,局部屈曲显著减小,构件承载力与变形能力得到有效提高。基于试验结果,采用ABAQUS有限元软件对该新型组合构件进行了参数分析,研究了钢管厚度、螺旋肋宽厚比、钢筋直径及偏心率的影响规律。结果表明:偏心率增大,试件承载力降低,延性增加;减小钢管宽厚比和增加钢筋直径,承载力和延性均有明显提升;螺旋肋宽厚比对试件承载力影响不大。基于数值分析结果,给出了设计建议;并对该叠合柱偏心受压承载力计算方法进行了研究,提出了考虑螺旋肋影响的实用计算公式。

摘要：Cyclic dinucleotides(CDNs) are known to activate stimulator of interferon genes(STING) and induce type I interferon responses, therefor possess great potentials to be of immunotherapeutic value for cancers and infectious diseases. However, the existence of different single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) of human STING(hSTING) gene poses an obstacle to achieve broad-spectrum activation by CDNs. We reported here the design and synthesis of a total of 36 CDNs, representing all structural variations, that contain four bases(A, G, C, U) and two linkage directions(2′-5′-linked and 3′-5′-linked phosphodiester).Through systematic evaluation of IFN-β induction with a dual-luciferase reporter assay, we discovered that wild type hSTING and two isoforms(HAQ and AQ) showed strong response while hSTING-R232 H and R293 Q exhibited the relatively weak response to CDNs stimulation. For the first time, we found that the c[G(2′,5′)U(2′,5′)] showed excellent activity against all five hSTING variants even equivalent to the endogenous ligand c[G(2′,5′)A(3′,5′)]. Furthermore, we have also demonstrated that 3′-3′CDNs with two 3′-5′ phosphodiesters showed higher serum and hydrolase stability than 2′-2′ CDNs with two 2′-5′ phosphodiesters and 2′-3′ CDNs with one 2′-5′ and one 3′-5′ phosphodiester. It is very interesting to note that 2′-2′ CDNs has been found for the first time to show strong activity. These findings will stimulate our exploration for the new functional role of CDNs, and provide guidelines to design CDNs based hSTING targeted drugs.

摘要：针对中国海上石油钻井监测控制与风险防控技术实现智能化面临的诸如海上钻井参数实时监测评价能力差等难题,根据中国海域特点改进相关理论计算模型,研发具有自主知识产权的应用软件和应用工具对海洋钻井参数进行精确预测、对海洋钻井风险进行评估、对海上员工进行操作监控培训等;同时引入Optidrill数据采集分析系统等国外成熟商业钻井监控软件去解决海洋钻井参数实时监控难的问题。上述技术体系应用后,中国渤海海域部分区块单井复杂工况时间降低30%以上,复杂事故处理时间减少20%以上,钻井周期减少20%以上,培训效率提升40%,最终形成了钻井工程设计可视化模拟评估技术、钻井实时监测与控制优化技术、复杂工况多方决策技术和钻井工程仿真模拟培训技术等四大关键技术。本项研究的海洋钻井参数监测控制与钻井风险防控技术体系取得了良好的应用效果,可为实现海上安全高效钻井作业目标提供理论和技术支撑。

摘要：As an emerging technology to promote the combination of medicine and industry,the three-dimensional(3D)printing has developed rapidly in the fields of orthopedics,while its unique advantages in improving precise treatment still need to be further *** this report,our team have exhibited several classic cases of integrating 3D printing into orthopedic clinical application,thereby further elaborating thoughts and opinions on the significance of 3D printing in the orthopedic clinical application,technical advantages,existing main problems and coping strategies.

摘要：Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction under ambient conditions is a promising pathway for ammonia *** nitrogen reduction reactions are carried out in N_(2)-saturated environments and use high-purity nitrogen as feedstock,which is ***,we prepared carbon-coated ultra-low 4d metal Ru-doped liquid metal Ga(Ru_(0.06)/LM@C)for NRR over a wide range of N_(2) *** analyses show that the introduction of the ultra-low 4d element Ru can effectively adjust the electronic structure through orbital interactions,thus enhancing the adsorption of nitrogen-containing *** liquid catalyst utilized its mobility to provide a higher density of active *** addition,the material Ru_(0.06)/Ga@C itself has the ability to promote product *** three act synergistically to optimize the N_(2) mass transfer path,thereby increasing the*NNH coverage and further improving the ammonia yield over a wide range of N_(2) *** maximum NH_(3) yield of the catalyst can reach 126.0μg h^(-1) mgcat^(-1)(at–0.3 V ***)with high purity N_(2) as feed gas,and the Faraday efficiency is 60.4%at–0.1 V *** a wide range of N_(2) concentrations,the NH_(3) yield of the catalyst was greater than 100μg h^(-1) mgcat^(-1) with a Faraday efficiency higher than 47%.The catalytic performance is much higher than that of solid Ga@C and reported p-block metal-based catalysts.

摘要：当前凉山彝族经济社会发展面临前所未有的机遇,创新思考、开拓且实施凉山彝族文化资源的规划开发,创立彝族文化品牌,以建立适应社会主义市场经济体制的文化发展新机制的新动能。文章以彝族传统服饰图案田野调研和资料整理为出发点,从符号学的意蕴、程式化的格局、五色审美情趣三个方面分析其艺术特征。依托西南交通大学纤维艺术设计产学研平台,从理念到思路、从内容到手段、从策划到运作,进行创新设计实践研究。研究表明,采用继承创新和再生创新设计方法,有助于让古老的文化遗产在当代社会焕发出新的生机。