摘要：Materials development has historically been driven by human needs and desires, and this is likely to con- tinue in the foreseeable future. The global population is expected to reach ten billion by 2050, which will promote increasingly large demands for clean and high-ef ciency energy, personalized consumer prod- ucts, secure food supplies, and professional healthcare. New functional materials that are made and tai- lored for targeted properties or behaviors will be the key to tackling this challenge. Traditionally, advanced materials are found empirically or through experimental trial-and-error approaches. As big data generated by modern experimental and computational techniques is becoming more readily avail- able, data-driven or machine learning (ML) methods have opened new paradigms for the discovery and rational design of materials. In this review article, we provide a brief introduction on various ML methods and related software or tools. Main ideas and basic procedures for employing ML approaches in materials research are highlighted. We then summarize recent important applications of ML for the large-scale screening and optimal design of polymer and porous materials, catalytic materials, and energetic mate- rials. Finally, concluding remarks and an outlook are provided.

摘要：为探究活塞环初弹力作用下不同缸套温度对活塞环摩擦性能的影响,设计考虑缸套温度分布的活塞环初弹力摩擦性能试验台,其缸体-缸套组件基于浮动缸套方法设计,通过供油盖从顶部供润滑油,使用活塞环夹具安装活塞环,在缸套外壁安装3个环形电加热器对缸套进行预加热。当活塞环未加载荷仅在初弹力情况下,仅改变缸套温度分布,研究不同缸套温度分布对活塞环-缸套系统摩擦性能的影响。结果表明:随着缸套温度的升高,活塞环-缸套摩擦副摩擦力和摩擦功耗呈现先减小后增加的趋势,对于研究的活塞环-缸套摩擦副,在缸套温度为60~70℃时,摩擦力和摩擦功耗最小。因此存在合适的缸套温度,使得活塞环-缸套摩擦副的摩擦性能最优。

摘要：锂离子电池的容量、循环寿命和安全性等性能很大程度上依赖于正极材料。镍钴锰酸锂(NCM)三元正极材料具有能量密度高、成本低、相对安全等优点而备受关注。但阳离子混排、界面副反应、不可逆相变等问题的存在严重影响了电池的循环和倍率等性能。综述了NCM正极材料的结构特点、问题成因,并从掺杂、表面包覆、单晶和浓度梯度结构等角度探讨了其改性研究情况,对其未来研究方向进行了展望。

摘要：文章根据3C消费电子行业对钕铁硼磁材的加工需求,设计制造了一台可以将钕铁硼磁材加工成片厚低于1 mm薄片的多线切割机。首先介绍多线切割机加工钕铁硼磁材的精度要求和多线切割机的整体设计方案,然后对其关键部件(包括进刀组件、主辊组件、排线组件等结构)与功能进行设计,最后对整机的工作原理与该多线切割机的优势进行介绍,为钕铁硼磁材切片领域的机床设计提供了参考。

摘要：为了解决“口腔预防医学”教学以教师为中心、知识单向灌输、学生主体地位被忽视等问题,文章以培养学生服务大健康的职业素养、健康教育能力、创新能力和自主学习能力为目标,对“口腔预防医学”课程的教学方法和学习效果评价进行系统化研究和设计,构建和实施由相互契合、依次递进的六个步骤组成的“六步混合教学法”,以及与之契合的全过程、多维度评价方式,取得了显著的实践成效。成果充分体现了“以学生为中心”的现代医学教育教学理念,为建立具有一定挑战度、知行用合一、学做思统一的高阶课程提供了有力支撑。

摘要：在室内实验条件下模拟液压系统真实负载工况,研究液压系统压力动态响应特性,运用鼓式制动器作为加载元件,根据泵控马达液压系统各元件工作原理建立其数学模型,通过Simulink仿真软件进行泵控马达液压系统压力模拟加载。针对液压系统压力开环加载时出现稳态误差、超调和抗干扰能力差等缺点,设计基于PID调节的压力闭环加载,结果表明,压力闭环加载能够消除压力开环加载时的缺点。研究得出通过鼓式制动器进行压力开、闭环加载系统压力动态响应特性,以及开、闭环加载时系统压力抗干扰能力。研究结果为反映现实工况下液压系统压力动态响应特点提供了理论基础。

摘要：在H_(2)S气体浓度在线监测过程中,因其具有粘附性强的特点,容易发生管线吸附,从而导致测量结果存在偏差,尤其在痕量H_(2)S检测过程中表现最为明显,所以开展H_(2)S气体管线材料表面吸附特性研究尤为必要。本文基于可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS),设计并搭建了一套H_(2)S浓度在线测定系统,并对该系统进行了测量性能检验,在此基础上进行了H_(2)S在不锈钢材料表面常温吸附特性探究。实验结果表明,所搭建H_(2)S浓度在线测定系统具有稳定性强、检测限低和灵敏度高的特点,利用此系统可以实现痕量H_(2)S浓度的在线连续测定。经过一系列探究试验,证明了H_(2)S在不锈钢材料表面存在明显且稳定的吸附作用,得出了H_(2)S在不锈钢材料表面的单位面积吸附量在10^(14)(个/cm^(2))量级。实验结果可以为痕量硫化氢在线精准测量提供一定参考。

摘要：采用TEM、金相显微镜、EBSD等分析手段,研究建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢的微观组织对其强度、韧性及高温强度的影响。结果表明,在合理的化学成分设计前提下,不需要控轧控冷手段,热轧后试验钢获得空冷贝氏体和铁素体两相组织。观察600℃保温3小时后的组织发现,在铁素体内部有纳米级相间析出物存在,析出物的行间距约在24~34 nm之间。热轧建筑结构用高强抗震耐火H型钢的屈服强度≥500 MPa,延伸率≥22%,屈强比≤0.85,-20℃冲击功≥34 J,600℃保温3小时后屈服强度≥310 MPa。

摘要：To accelerate the development and design of magnesium(Mg)alloys,the structural and mechanical properties of important precipitates in Mg−Zn alloys were studied by experiments and density functional *** nano-indentation tests revealed that the hardness of the precipitates initially increased and then decreased with increasing Zn content,and was significantly higher than that of pure Mg and *** calculation results revealed that the precipitates stability initially increased and then decreased with increasing Zn *** bulk moduli of the precipitates increased,whereas their shear and Young’s moduli initially increased and then decreased with increasing Zn *** decreasing order of ductility for these compounds is MgZn_(2)>Mg21Zn_(2)5>Mg2Zn11>*** surface profiles of the compounds revealed that they are obvious *** the degree of covalency and bond length of covalent bonds initially increased and then decreased with increasing Zn content.

摘要：目的:探索咨询师广告的伦理问题。方法:根据现有与心理咨询相关的法律法规编制咨询师广告编码表,分层抽样50个网络广告反映现状并完善编码。结果:编码表包括学历、专业资质、受训、流派、小时数等应有的规范披露,和来访者评论、费用、宣传语中的伦理风险。抽样结果显示,咨询师广告中注明学历、资质和长程培训的分别占56%、72%、32%;说明咨询、督导、个人体验小时数的分别占19%、8%、7%;广告中44%出现评论且好评居多;费用和广告语中存在伦理风险的占72%和54%。结论:当前国内咨询师网络广告应当披露的信息不足,且存在不符伦理法规的虚假和夸大等不实信息。