摘要：At present,the thrust of an anti-slide pile can be worked out with some calculation methods. However,the resistance in front of the pile,the distributions of resistance and thrust,and appropriate pile length cannot be easily obtained. In this paper,the authors applied the strength-reduction finite element method (FEM) to several design cases of anti-slide piles. Using this method,it is possible to take the pile-soil interactions into consideration,obtain reasonable resistance in front of pile and the distributions of thrust and resistance,and reasonable lengths of anti-slide piles. In particular,the thrust and resistance imposed on embedded anti-slide piles can be calculated and composite anti-slide pile structures such as anchored piles and braced piles can be optimized. It is proved through the calculation examples that this method is more reliable and economical in the design of anti-slide pile.

摘要：At present,limit equilibrium method is often adopted in the design of reinforced earth retaining wall. Geotechnical engineers home and abroad have done a lot of work to improve the traditional calculation methods in recent years,while there are lots of defects. This paper first identifies the location of failure surface and safety factor through the finite element program of PLAXIS and then analyses the influencing factors of the stability of reinforced earth retaining wall with geogrid. The authors adopt strength reduction FEM (finite element method)in the design and stability analysis of reinforced earth retaining wall and have achieved some satisfying results. Without any assumptions,the new design method can automatically judge the failure mode of reinforced earth retaining wall,consider the influence of axial tensile stiffness of the reinforcement stripe on the stability of retaining wall,identify reasonable distance and length of the reinforcement stripe,and choose suitable parameters of reinforcement stripe,including strength,stiffness and pseudo-friction coefficient which makes the design optimal. It is proved through the calculation examples that this method is more reasonable,reliable and economical in the design of reinforced earth retaining wall.

摘要：At present,the methods of analyzing the stability of slope under earthquake are not accurate and reasonable because of some limitations. Based on the real dynamic tensile-shear failure mechanism of slope,the paper proposes dynamic analysis of strength reduction FEM (finite element method) and takes the reduction of shear strength parameters and tensile strength parameters into consideration. And it comprehensively takes the transfixion of the failure surface,the non-convergence of calculation and mutation of displacement as the criterion of dynamic instability and failure of the slope. The strength reduction factor under limit state is regarded as the dynamic safety factor of the slope under earthquake effect and its advantages are introduced. Finally,the method is applied in the seismic design of anchors supporting and anti-slide pile supporting of the slope. Calculation examples show that the application of dynamic analysis of strength reduction is feasible in the seismic design of slope engineering,which can consider dynamic interaction of supporting structure and rock-soil mass. Owing to its preciseness and great advantages,it is a new method in the seismic design of slope supporting.

摘要：不同的安全系数定义会引起计算得到的边(滑)坡安全系数与作用在抗滑桩上推力设计值的不同,造成边(滑)坡设计的混乱,因而有必要对边(滑)坡安全系数作出统一的定义。探讨几种不同安全系数定义形式,不同的安全系数定义对安全系数的数值与滑坡推力设计值都是不同的,指出按照传统的计算方法与目前国际上采用的边(滑)坡安全系数的定义,采用强度储备安全系数是较合理的,也符合边(滑)坡破坏的实际情况,因此建议一般情况下采用强度储备安全系数作为边(滑)坡的安全系数,在特殊情况下,采用超载储备安全系数更能符合设计情况。下滑力超载安全系数不符合工程实际,因为随着荷载的增大,抗滑力也会增大,实际上不会出现这种情况,不宜采用。

摘要：目前采用的滑坡推力计算公式(传递系数法)中缺少了抗滑桩的支护抗力参数,造成计算误差。在基于强度折减安全系数的传递系数隐式解法基础上,考虑桩与滑坡体的相互作用,在条块的受力体系中加入抗滑桩的水平反作用力,然后按照设计安全系数对滑面强度参数进行折减,使得最后一个条块的剩余下滑力刚好等于0,此时对应的水平反作用力就是作用在桩上的水平滑坡推力设计值,按此水平滑坡推力加固滑坡后的稳定性系数正好等于设计安全系数。

摘要：The paper first analyzes the failure mechanism and mode of tunnel according to model experiments and mechanical calculation and then discusses the deficiency of taking the limit value of displacement around the tunnel and the size of the plastic zone of surrounding rock as the criterion of stability. So the writers put forward the idea that the safety factor of surrounding rock calculated through strength reduction FEM(finit element method) should be regarded as the criterion of stability,which has strict mechanical basis and unified standard and would not be influenced by other factors. The paper also studies the safety factors of tunnel surrounding rock (safety factors of shear and tension failure) and lining and some methods of designing and calculating tunnels. At last,the writers take the loess tunnel for instance and show the design and calculation results of two-lane railway tunnel.

摘要：采用有限元法针计算不同桩长的埋入式抗滑桩在设桩位置的滑坡总推力,计算桩身所受推力分布形式、推力大小和桩顶至坡面的滑坡推力分布形式、大小,计算桩长变化时滑坡体加固后的稳定性。计算表明:桩长变化,设桩位置的总滑坡推力大体相等。桩长度变短,桩身的滑坡推力、桩的最大弯距与最大剪力降低。增加桩的锚固段的长度可以降低桩身的最大剪力。综合桩长变化滑坡体加固后的稳定性、滑坡推力和桩身内力的变化规律,发现沉埋桩既可使滑坡体达到足够的稳定性,且有很大的经济效益。

摘要：采用单桩静载试验,系统地对36根工程桩的324个荷载级进行沉降稳定分析和荷载稳定时间分析,并通过中等直径灌注桩和超长大直径嵌岩桩两种桩型的15根单桩进行了对比分析。研究表明:不论是嵌岩桩还是非嵌岩桩,各级荷载总体都在1小时内稳定且占比高达96.3%;桩顶的沉降速率、加速度均表现出随时间衰减的特征,证明了桩顶位移具有基于时间、位移的收敛的性特征,且试验耗时降低40%以上。采用P-s曲线法、LogP-s曲线法、E-Δs/ΔQ法判定了单桩的极限荷载,验证了桩顶沉降值在合理的范围之内,同时也表明对桩顶沉降收敛特征的研究可以有效的缩短桩基础检测的时间并提高检测效率。

摘要：为研究边坡预应力锚索在地震作用下的动力响应,采用振动台进行预应力锚索支护岩质边坡模型试验。模型试验相似关系依据重力相似律及量纲分析法推导。输入Wolong,El Centrol,TAFT三种地震波,监测锚索轴力、坡面加速度和位移时程,研究预应力锚索轴力和预应力损失在地震作用下的动力特性、边坡在锚索支护下的整体稳定性。结果表明:不同地震作用下,锚索的轴力和预应力损失动力响应不同,试验中锚索的预应力损失最大达15.7%,随着输入地震波峰值的增大,锚索预应力损失呈先增大后减小的趋势,达到临界值后,不再发生预应力损失。建议预应力锚索抗震设计时,施加的预应力应该达到预应力设计值的1.1～1.2倍,高于静力情况下的值。该研究结果可为更加合理的进行边坡预应力锚索抗震设计提供良好的基础。

摘要：作为一个学术报告对以往研究成果做一个综述,内容主要由作者发表过的相关论文组成,包括隧洞的破坏机理、隧洞深、浅埋分界标准,无衬砌隧洞围岩的稳定分析及有衬砌时隧洞的设计计算方法,以供参考。