摘要：An optimization method is proposed for designing an LED freeform lens which produces a uniform circular pattern with high energy *** method is composed of three main aspects:design of the initial guess,parameterization of the freeform surface,and construction of the merit *** initial guess is created by solving an ordinary differential equation *** approach of selecting optimization points is introduced for parameterization of the freeform *** merit function is constructed by use of the irradiance uniformity and the efficiency of the *** examples are given,and the results show that the irradiance distribution is well controlled with a maximum uniformity(the relative standard deviation of irradiance,RSD) of 0.0122 and a maximum efficiency of 93.88%.This optimization method can be generalized to design freeform lenses with different lighting patterns or without rotational symmetry.

摘要：随着“双碳”政策的不断落实,推动建筑向高效健康且绿色低碳发展及应用已成为当下建筑行业的重要命题。低碳建筑设计方法和技术的应用可显著降低建筑物能耗、减少碳排放、改善室内环境质量,其对节约能源和保护环境具有重大意义。对此,如何在“双碳”背景下落实并应用低碳建筑设计技术,逐渐成为建筑设计企业运行与发展的重中之重。基于此,研究首先阐述低碳建筑技术的概念;其次,提出应用于房屋建筑低碳设计指标,研究房屋建筑低碳实施途径,与普通房屋建筑相比低碳建筑在能源利用,经济节省等多方面具备突出优势;最后,设计了基于“四梯度”的绿色低碳建筑设计体系,为低碳建筑在房屋建筑中的应用指明了方向。

摘要：【目的】针对虫情测报灯采集到的林区害虫样本种类多、尺寸复杂及密集遮挡问题，提出了一种多尺度序列特征融合检测算法（MPD-YOLO），用于提升林区害虫检测的精确度，为林区害虫监测和防护提供了新的技术路径。【方法】首先，以采集于北京、河北、山西等地的林区害虫图像为基础，构建包含18类林区害虫的数据集。数据集涵盖不同场景下的害虫图像，为算法的训练与测试提供了可靠的数据支撑。其次，为提高小目标害虫的检测效果，利用3D卷积对小目标进行更为深入的尺度序列特征提取，MPD-YOLO方法引入尺度序列特征融合模块（SSFF），有效提升模型对小目标的感知能力。最后，为解决密集遮挡和多尺度害虫并存情况下的模型检测能力，MPD-YOLO方法提出了三重特征编码高效聚合模块（TFE-ELAN），通过将不同尺寸特征图进行特征融合，增强多层特征图之间信息的关联性，提升了模型的检测性能。【结果】在相同试验条件下，本研究在构建的数据集上对MPD-YOLO进行大量试验，并与主流的目标检测算法（YOLO系列、Faster-CNN等）进行对比分析。MPD-YOLO方法具有最佳的害虫识别精度，其F1-score和m AP分别达到88.43%和91.92%，比次优方法 YOLOv8x分别高1.45%和1.22%。相比于原网络模型YOLOv7,MPD-YOLO的F1-score与mAP分别比YOLOv7高0.72%和2.8%，证明了本文所提方法在处理复杂目标检测任务中的优势。此外，本研究中消融试验，分析了尺度序列特征融合模块和三重特征编码高效聚合模块对整体性能的贡献，验证了各模块设计的有效性。【结论】本文提出的MPD-YOLO算法，有效提升了复杂环境下多尺度害虫的检测性能，在处理复杂环境下的检测任务时表现出较高的鲁棒性。

摘要：MAPK信号通路中的MKKs家族基因在水稻生长发育和防御信号传导中起承上启下的作用,并参与调控多种生物学过程。本研究通过生物信息学分析,鉴定了水稻中的MKKs基因,并构建了它们的系统发育树,揭示了MKKs家族基因的保守性和多样性。利用基因编辑技术,编辑日本晴水稻品种中Os MKK4基因,成功获得了6种该基因不同突变类型的材料,其粒长、粒宽和千粒重均较野生型显著降低。单倍型分析结果表明,Os MKK4基因的单倍型有明显的籼粳分化,主要为Glu^(14)粳型和Leu^(14)籼型。含有Glu^(14)粳型稻的平均粒长较低,平均粒宽和千粒重较高。此外,将Kasalath中带有Leu^(14)单倍型的Os MKK4基因导入日本晴,导致DHX(CSSL)的粒长、粒宽和千粒重较日本晴显著降低;与Kasalath相比,代换系的粒宽和千粒重显著增加。本研究探索了Os MKK4基因的重要单倍型对水稻籽粒的影响,为更精确的分子设计育种提供基因资源和策略。

摘要：在关键字广告位拍卖定价中,由于一个关键字对应广告位的数量没有限制,常出现供大于求的局面,在此背景下本文建立模型并分析了考虑CTR(Click Through Rate)时设置不同保留价对投标者的投标策略与拍卖收益的影响作用。研究发现供大于求时设置保留价对高类型投标者投标激励效果比较明显,且较高水平的保留价会导致低类型投标者投标与保留价呈反向变化。当设置保留价水平较低时,拍卖一个广告位比两个广告位收益更高,当设置保留价水平较高时,拍卖两个广告位收益大于等于拍卖一个广告位的收益。研究结论不仅对企业保留价设计提供科学决策依据,也推进了拍卖理论中保留价的设计研究。

摘要：The ability to detect conspecific＇s distress is crucial for animal survival. In rodent models, observational fear （OF） occurs when one animal perceives another fear related negative emotions, which may model certain behaviors caused by witnessing traumatic experiences in humans. Anterior cingulate cortex （ACC） has been showed to play a crucial role in OF. However, cellular and neural circuit basis relating to ACC governing OF is poorly understood. Here, we used Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by a Designer Drug （DREADD） system to investigate the cell type specific circuit mechanism of ACC in OF. Firstly, inhibitory hM4D （Gi） designer receptor together with clozapine N-oxide （CNO） injection was applied to inactivate ACC neurons in the observer mice. We found that, chemogenetic inhibition of ACC resulted in a decreased freezing response in the observer mice. Next, combining PV-ires-Cre mice and Cre-dependent DREADD system, we selectively targeted the ACC parvalbumin （PV） interneurons with the excitatory hM3D （Gq） designer receptor. Activation of ACC PV interneurons following CNO injection reduced freezing response in the observer mice, while had no effect on freezing response in the demon- strator mice. Finally, monosynaptic rabies retrograde tracing revealed that ACC PV interneurons receive inputs from the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus （MD） and the ventromedial thalamic nucleus （VM）, both known for their roles in OF. Taken together, these findings reveal that ACC activation is important for OF, during which PV interneurons in ACC play an important regulatory role. Abnormal function of ACC PV interneurons might contribute to the pathology of empathy- deficits related diseases, such as autism and schizoohrenia.

摘要：Loesses are widely distributed all over the world,especially in ***,long-term agricultural irrigation and extreme climate changes have led to frequent geological disasters in the Heifangtai area of Lanzhou,Gansu,*** these,landslides are one of the most frequent types of disasters that are harmful to humans and the environment.A landslide is closely related to the lithology,structure,and groundwater of the site and consists of a combination of structure units divided by discontinuities,such as faults,joints,and fi ***,geological surveys,engineering drilling,and trenching are typically used to identify the stratum lithology,structure,and groundwater in order to visually display underground information within a limited depth ***,these methods have *** particular,geological surveys can only describe geological phenomena on the surface,while the cost of drilling and trenching may be high,along with the ineffi ciency of *** this research,the integrated geophysical exploration method was used to analyze the hidden joints,cracks,and other discontinuities and geophysical features of the *** results were verified by trench exploration,and large amounts of underground information were obtained,especially the spread and distribution of discontinuities in landslide *** information can be effectively used for carrying out and providing meaningful experiences and lessons in future comprehensive geophysical processing and interpretations related to the prediction and evaluation of landslides.

摘要：This research studied the mechanism of the corrosion resistance enhancement of artificially aged 7075 aluminium alloy using advanced Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM).The corrosion behaviors of artificially aged 7075 aluminium alloys in a 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution were investigated by impedance spectra,equivalent circuit analyses,polarization measurements and immersion *** results show that a longer aging treatment leads to better corrosion resistance,which can be attributed to the following microstructural features,as revealed by *** Cu segregation at grain boundaries under over-aged conditions helps retard intergranular *** Mg(Zn,Cu)_(2) precipitates formed on the surfaces of Al_(18)Mg_(3)(Cr,Mn)_(2) dispersoids effectively insulate the dispersoids as cathodes in corrosion,from the Al *** study demonstrates a potential strategy to design corrosion-resistant alloys achieved by proper alloying and subsequent aging.

摘要：结合校园网实际应用需求,分析了校园无线局域网的优势,在现有校园网的基础上,对校园无线局域网进行了规划设计,并且对无线网络存在的安全方面的问题进行了分析和处理。

摘要：购物车是老年人日常生活的重要助手。为解决现有购物车只关注搬运过程,缺乏对放置和取出物品弯腰提举过程的考虑,从美国国家职业安全卫生研究所NIOSH提举指数计算式入手,结合老年人购物用户旅程图分析,以风箱式车筐和升降式底座为主要创新点设计了一款面向老年用户的新型购物车。该研究方法与设计流程为老龄化社会的老年人设计提供参考。