摘要：In the 6th edition of the Chinese Space Trajectory Design Competition held in 2014, a near-Earth asteroid sample-return trajectory design problem was released, in which the motion of the spacecraft is modeled in multi-body dynamics, considering the gravitational forces of the Sun, Earth, and Moon. It is proposed that an electric-propulsion spacecraft initially parking in a circular 200-kin-altitude low Earth orbit is expected to rendezvous with an asteroid and carry as much sample as possible back to the Earth in a 10-year time frame. The team from the Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences has reported a solution with an asteroid sample mass of 328 tons, which is ranked first in the competition. In this article, we will present our design and optimization methods, primarily including overall analysis, target selection, escape from and capture by the Earth-Moon system, and optimization of impulsive and low-thrust trajectories that are modeled in multi-body dynamics. The orbital resonance concept and lunar gravity assists are considered key techniques employed for trajectory design. The reported solution, preliminarily revealing the feasibility of returning a hundreds-of-tons asteroid or asteroid sample, envisions future space missions relating to near-Earth asteroid exploration.

摘要：第七届全国空间轨道设计竞赛乙组题目是关于多星编队与重构的轨道设计问题.本文介绍了中国科学院光电研究院的设计方法和设计结果.设计方法包括整体设计思路、转移轨道寻优、编队方案搜索策略、连续推力轨道优化方法等,并在文中给出了具体设计步骤.搜索最优编队方案和连续推力轨道优化是提高性能指标的关键.最后,总结了此次竞赛中的体会与启示.

摘要：针对日趋复杂的空间环境,天基观测由于其分布灵活和全天候观测的特性受到越来越多的关注,该类问题为典型的星空背景观测(above-the-horizon,ATH)问题。基于分段积分思想,提出了一种ATH观测三维空间覆盖范围的计算方法,涵盖了该问题所有可能的10种积分形式,适用于因观测约束参数不同取值而形成的任意几何构型场景。不仅在二维平面覆盖问题上与现有方法进行了比较并验证,还首次解决了ATH在三维空间中覆盖体积的定量解析计算难题。仿真结果表明,平面和空间覆盖最大化所对应的最优观测轨道高度存在明显差异,空间覆盖计算模型能更为准确有效地表示卫星覆盖性能,同时能为星座优化设计提供参考。

摘要：介绍了空间小推力轨道优化问题中的最优Bang-Bang控制问题,对两类延拓解法给出了描述:第一类解法首先求解能量最优解,然后采用能量–燃耗同伦得到最优Bang-Bang控制;第二类解法引入推力开关切换准则,以双脉冲解作为初解,通过参数延拓得到最优Bang-Bang控制。对两类延拓解法进行了比较,指出了各自的优势与特点。对延拓方法应用于求解更加复杂的小推力轨道设计问题进行了展望,提出了包含初解、延拓与拼接三要素的人工智能轨道优化概念。

摘要：为进一步提高作物播种自动化水平和生产效率,该文详细阐述了智能播种机器人硬件系统、软件系统的设计,以及关键部件的选型,通过构建智能播种机器人路径规划算法,实现农田环境感知和作物信息处理,达到精准的播种路径规划和种子分配。通过田间试验,验证了所设计控制系统的可行性和有效性。结果表明,通过划分区域、设定优先级和避障策略,实现了高效的播种路径规划。