摘要：铯原子频率标准具有长期稳定性好、可靠性高的优点,在导航定位、守时授时、通信电力、时频计量等领域有着广泛的应用。近年来由于军事领域对高精度时间频率源的需求,铯原子频标的使用环境从实验室走向了战车、舰船等机动平台。本文针对铯原子频标在战车、舰船、高原等复杂环境下的环境适应性,研究环境因素对整机指标的影响机理。通过仿真与试验对整钟设计进行优化,以提高整机在力学、热、磁场、低气压等复杂环境下的适应性。经过优化设计后的国产铯束频率标准样机通过了相关环境试验项目的考核,各项指标均满足要求。研究结果表明,铯原子钟电性能样机的稳定度优于8.73×10^(-15)/5 d,磁敏感度3.15×10^(-14)/Gauss,工作温度特性-8.18×10^(-14),这项工作为国产化铯钟的进一步应用提供了基础。

摘要：为提高低压差线性稳压器(Low-DropOut Linear Regulator,LDO)的稳定性并降低前馈电路所产生的噪声,提出了一种生成自适应补偿零点的低噪声前馈电路。该前馈电路通过镜像调整管的负载电流,通过低值反馈电阻形成高增益反馈信号,与LDO输出电压经反馈网络传递给反馈端的信号耦合形成由负载电容、负载电流控制的可控零点,可有效提高LDO电路整体的稳定性。此外,电路内部加入了产生动态极点的自适应电流补偿电路以保证次极点不会对环路的相位裕度产生影响。基于0.18μm BCD工艺设计,该电路在0~800 mA的宽负载范围、5 V输入3.3 V输出下相位裕度均高于48°,适用负载电容范围≥1μF,同时该LDO在10~100 kHz的频率范围内输出噪声仅为5.0617μVrms。

摘要：当X射线荧光(XRF)技术被用于分析空气环境中样品的元素组成时,由于空气对低原子序数(Z)元素(如Cl、K、Ca等)中能量较低的特征X射线吸收较大,从而影响探测效果,因此为了避免空气对低Z元素特征X射线的吸收,经常采用真空条件下XRF技术,但它需要复杂昂贵的真空系统。另外,一般实验室光源功率较低,所以入射光强度较弱,从而也影响探测效果。为解决上述这些问题,设计了基于整体毛细管X射线透镜(PCXRL)和转靶光源并在氦气环境下的密闭XRF简易分析系统。利用透镜聚焦获得的高功率密度增益X射线照射样品,获得较强的XRF信号,并使激发通道和探测通道处于稳定的氦气环境,以降低空气对低Z元素特征X射线的吸收。通过实验对整个XRF分析系统进行了表征,然后测定了互花米草、盐地碱蓬样品。研究表明,在氦气环境中,利用旋转钼靶光源并使工作电压和电流分别为29 kV和20 mA的条件下,所探测到的Cl、K、Ca、Fe等元素特征峰强度高于空气环境下的强度,针对植物中X射线特征峰能量低于8 keV的元素而言,在氦气环境中探测到的特征峰强度为空气中的1.1~5.5倍。这有利于高效无损分析样品中的低原子序数元素成分。

摘要：桩侧阻力的测试是桩基内力测试中的重要环节,但其在测试过程中的精度往往受到桩端阻力的影响,想要得到相对准确的桩侧阻力,桩端阻力则应该无限趋近于零值。依托陕北某黄土地区混凝土灌注桩试桩检测项目,引入特殊桩型悬空桩与常规试桩进行对比试验,探究悬空桩侧阻力并分析其发挥特征。研究结果显示,悬空桩作为一种特殊桩型,可视为典型的摩擦桩,桩端阻力可以忽略不计,桩顶所施加荷载完全由桩侧阻力承担,桩的侧阻力随桩顶荷载的增加表现为单调递增的特征,且桩侧阻力增速(斜率)明显大于常规桩,试验结果可为相关工程项目提供参考。

摘要：Although graphite anodes operated with representative de/intercalation patterns at low potentials are considered highly desirable for K-ion batteries,the severe capacity fading caused by consecutive reduction reactions on the aggressively reactive surface is inevitable given the scarcity of effective protecting ***,by introducing a flame-retardant localized high-concentration electrolyte with retentive solvation configuration and relatively weakened anion-coordination and non-solvating fluorinated ether,the rational solid electrolyte interphase characterized by well-balanced inorganic/organic components is tailored in *** effectively prevented solvents from excessively decomposing and simultaneously improved the resistance against K-ion ***,the graphite anode retained a prolonged cycling capability of up to 1400 cycles(245 mA h g,remaining above 12 mon)with an excellent capacity retention of as high as 92.4%.This is superior to those of conventional and high-concentration ***,the optimized electrolyte with moderate salt concentration is perfectly compatible with graphite,providing a potential application prospect for K-storage evolution.

摘要：以研究生课程“多模卫星导航定位与应用”为例,探讨测绘类专业课程思政的实质内涵,分析测绘学科研究生的课程思政发展特征与趋势。从教师、学生、专业和课程到社会需求之间的关联性讨论研究生专业课程思政的紧密联系。对多模卫星导航定位与应用课程开展基于布鲁姆教学目标分类法和“以成果为导向”的测绘类研究生专业课程思政的育人目标、教学设计与评价分析。近年来测绘类专业课程采用线上、线下混合式教学模式思政的实施,通过调查问卷等评价分析得出,学生的高阶思维能力、科研创新力和职业素养等都得到有效锻炼与提高。

摘要：以铁路货车用HDSA车轮为研究对象,采用MSC Marc软件建立车轮模锻有限元模型,模拟分析原预锻工艺及模具条件下车轮模锻成形过程中金属的流动及变形力,研究预锻闭模间隙对终锻轮辋充满度及锻压力的影响,进而考察预锻模具结构尺寸对终锻的影响,优化闭模间隙及预锻模腔结构。结果表明:在原预锻工艺及模具结构尺寸下,终锻结束轮毂完全充满,轮辋型腔上下角部充满度较差;减小预锻闭模间隙可使预锻压力显著增大并使终锻时轮辋金属更多流向轮缘,轮辋上部的圆角充满度降低,限于预锻压力机的能力,原预锻模具结构下预锻闭模间隙的可调整空间小,通过调整闭模间隙改善终锻轮辋内圆角部位填充效果有限;减小预锻模具的轮辋型腔内径可显著减小预锻压力,利于提高终锻后轮辋上部圆角的充满度,且对终锻压力没有明显影响;增加预锻轮辋型腔的高度也能一定程度降低预锻压力,提高终锻后轮辋上部圆角的充满度,但会显著增大终锻压力。综合考虑,减小预锻模具轮辋型腔内径是优选方案,但还需考虑终锻模具轮辋型腔尺寸,两者不能差异过大。

摘要：The isothermal extrusion process of hollow aluminium profile was investigated using incremental proportional-integral-derivative(PID)control algorithm and finite element *** range of extrusion speed was determined by considering the maximum extrusion load and production *** taking the optimal solution temperature of the secondary phase as the target temperature,the extrusion speed–stroke curve for realizing the isothermal extrusion of the aluminium profile was *** show that in the traditional constant extrusion speed process,the average temperature of the cross-section of the aluminium profile at the die exit rapidly increases and then slowly rises with the increase in ram *** the extrusion speed increases,the temperature difference at the die exit of the profile along the extrusion direction *** exit temperature difference between the front and back ends of the extrudate along the extrusion direction obtained by adopting isothermal extrusion is about 6.9℃.Furthermore,the heat generated by plastic deformation and friction during extrusion is balanced with the heat transfer from the workpiece to the container,porthole die and external environment.

摘要：In order to meet the market demands for more premium distillates and the more stringent requirements of environment protection, China refineries should find a better way for deep processing of residues. This paper describes the necessity, overview and application of the resid hydroconversion process in China. Qilu Petrochemical Co. built the first vacuum resid hydrodesulfurization (VRDS) unit with a capacity of 840 kt/a of Gudao vacuum residue in 1986. And Dalian West Pacific Petrochemical Co. Ltd. built the first atmospheric resid hydrodesulfurization (ARDS) unit with the capacity of 2 Mt/a in 1992. Beijing Design Institute SINOPEC did the engineering design of these two units. Some modifications on the units were carried out, which gives the adaptability and flexibility in processing inferior crudes such as high sulfur crudes.

摘要：LASP(large-scale atomistic simulation with neural network potential)software developed by our group since 2018 is a powerful platform(***)for performing atomic simulation of complex *** software integrates the neural network(NN)potential technique with the global potential energy surface exploration method,and thus can be utilized widely for structure prediction and reaction mechanism *** we introduce our recent update on the LASP program version 3.0,focusing on the new functionalities including the advanced neuralnetwork training based on the multi-network framework,the newly-introduced S^(7) and S^(8) power type structure descriptor(PTSD).These new functionalities are designed to further improve the accuracy of potentials and accelerate the neural network training for multipleelement *** Cu-C-H-O neural network potential and a heterogeneous catalytic model as the example,we show that these new functionalities can accelerate the training of multi-element neural network potential by using the existing single-network potential as the *** obtained double-network potential Cu CHO is robust in simulation and the introduction of S^(7) and S^(8) PTSDs can reduce the root-mean-square errors of energy by a factor of two.