摘要：Exploring cobalt phosphide catalysts with abundant active sites and outstanding intrinsic activity for active and robust hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is highly ***,by the fine-tuning thermal-reduction treatment of cobalt phosphonates with spherical shape,the novel carbon-wrapped CoP-Co_(2)P polymorphs are rationally *** unique hierarchical porous architecture and heterointerface of CoP-Co_(2)P not only increase active sites but also ensure intrinsic *** resultant catalyst exhibits significantly boosted HER activity in a wide pH range,for instance,a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) at the overpotential of 81 mV in 0.5 mol L^(-1) H_(2)SO_(4),109 mV in 1.0 mol L^(-1) KOH,and 227 mV in 1.0 mol L^(-1) phosphate buffer saline,and remarkable OER activity(1.53 V@10 mA cm^(-2) in 1.0 mol L^(-1) KOH),associated with the impressive stability for each ***,serving as the bifunctional electrocatalysts in a two-electrode electrolyzer for overall water splitting,a low cell voltage of 1.60 V can deliver a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) in 1.0 mol L^(-1) *** structural evolution process of the CoP-Co_(2)P catalyst during electrolysis is thoroughly *** work presents a new approach for designing and fabricating efficient and affordable metal phosphides for various electrochemical technologies.

摘要：Chemically modified carbonaceous materials have attained utmost attention in the fields of renewable energy storage and conversion,due to the controllable physicochemical properties,tailorable micro-/nanostructures,and respectable ***,P-doped mesoporous carbons were synthesized by using F127 as the soft template,organophosphonic acid as the P source and phenolic resin as the carbon *** amounts of iron species were introduced to act as a graphitization *** synthesized carbons exhibit the well-defined wormhole-like pore structure featuring high specific surface area and homogenously doped P ***,introducing iron species during the synthesis process can optimize the textural properties and the degree of graphitization of carbon *** doping amount of P has an important effect on the porous structure and the defect degree,which correspondingly influence the active sites and the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)*** resultant material presents superior catalytic activity for the ORR,together with remarkably enhanced durability and methanol tolerance in comparison with the commercial Platinum catalyst,demonstrating the possibility for its use in electrode materials and electronic nanodevices for metal-air batteries and fuel cells.

摘要：Dan Simon用生物地理学的方法和机制来解决工程优化问题,提出了生物地理学优化算法(Biogeography Based Optimization,BBO)。该算法因其独特的搜索机制和较好的性能在智能优化算法领域得到了广泛的关注。为了进一步提高生物地理学优化算法的全局和局部收索能力,提出了一种基于动态选择迁出地与混合自适应迁入的优化策略,对生物地理学优化算法进行改进,形成一种新的改进型BBO算法。该算法根据进化阶段动态选择待迁出地,并综合当前迁出地和随机迁出地优化迁入策略;同时,设计与适应度相关的变异机制,以增加算法的全局搜索能力。仿真实验结果表明,该算法在全局搜索、收敛速度和收敛精度上均优于对比算法。

摘要：为实现燃料组件下管座的冷却剂压降、异物过滤和结构承载等多种性能的综合提升,本研究提出了一种多目标优化方法。该方法以冷却剂压降和异物过滤效率为目标,优化下管座的关键尺寸参数,并以六边形下管座为例开展了尺寸优化研究。结果表明,采用该方法下管座的冷却剂压降和异物过滤的优化幅度分别达到12.5%和6.3%,并且优化后的最大应力同步降低14.0%,性能提升效果显著。本研究建立的多目标优化方法具有通用性,能够适用于其他类型下管座的结构优化以提升其综合性能。

摘要：大脑内的程序性细胞死亡(PCD)贯穿生命全过程,异常PCD可能是导致脑病的重要因素。本文围绕针刺对PCD的影响,从传统中医学角度总结了针刺产生脑保护作用的理论基础及多靶点、双向、整体调节等治疗特点;从现代医学角度对针刺调节细胞凋亡、自噬、焦亡、铁死亡、坏死性凋亡等方面进行了梳理,探讨针刺基于PCD恢复或重塑受损脑功能,改善脑病的作用机制。

摘要：研究了风险厌恶型零售商在面对随机市场需求与广告投入相关时的最优广告投入与订货策略.通过乘法需求形式将广告投入对需求的影响引入Newsboy问题中,并以CVaR作为风险度量准则,建立了风险厌恶型零售商广告投入与订货量联合决策的随机模型;揭示了风险厌恶程度、需求不确定性以及商品本身特性对零售商最优广告投入和订货量的影响;最后通过应用实例对理论结果进行了验证分析.研究结果为零售商制订广告投入策略和相应的订货策略提供了参考.

摘要：研究设计了曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)的特异性引物和TaqMan探针,采用eDNA方法对东海海域44个站位的175个水层样品进行了曼氏无针乌贼的水平(44个站位)和垂直分布(175份水样)分析,并进行了曼氏无针乌贼e DNA与环境变量(总深度、采样深度、温度、盐度、溶氧量、浊度、叶绿素、PO_(4)^(3-)、NH_(4)^(+))的相关性分析。结果显示,在调查海域曼氏无针乌贼的eDNA检出率为17.14%,在各站位间无显著差异,但在垂直分布上有显著差异(P<0.05)。在中表层水中检测到较高的曼氏无针乌贼eDNA浓度,在深度大于81 m的海水中未检测到曼氏无针乌贼eDNA。此外,曼氏无针乌贼的eDNA浓度(Ln([eDNA]+1))和存在/不存在(YNeDNA)受总深度、浊度、盐度、溶氧量、SiO_(3)^(-)、NO_(3)^(-)、NO_(2)^(-)等环境变量的影响。研究证明了eDNA是一种可靠的物种调查方法,可以作为传统资源调查的补充,为进一步研究东海海域曼氏无针乌贼的资源分布及栖息地选择提供技术支持,并为其资源修复和可持续利用提供参考依据。

摘要：针对航空涡轮盘用先进铸锻变形高温合金热加工难、承温能力低于680℃(630 MPa,1000 h持久寿命)、难以满足现代航空发动机设计需求等不足,提出了优化析出强化相成分和引入微孪晶以提高合金中温区(合金服役温区)强度、同时减弱析出相高温强化效果和固溶温度以降低合金高温区(合金加工温区)强度的理念,设计并制备出系列Ni-Co基铸锻高温合金(TMW合金).设计合金盘坯(直径440 mm,厚65 mm)的制备和性能测试表明,TMW合金可在常规熔铸和锻造设备上热加工制备,承温能力超过700℃,比目前最强的商用铸锻涡轮盘合金U720Li提高了50℃以上.从TMW合金的设计思想、成分特点、锻造加工性、组织控制、性能特征和变形强化机理等方面,简要介绍了这种高性能铸锻变形高温合金的主要研究进展.

摘要：为了提高自动武器产品设计质量和效率,缩短开发周期,推动自动武器向通用化、模块化、系列化方向发展,结合自动武器结构特点,采用广义模块化设计理论,研究并提出了产品模块、接口划分方法及模块信息编码方案。分析自动武器广义模块化实施过程,给出了自动武器快速设计模块总体框架。用Microsoft VC++6.0、Oracle和Pro/TOOLKIT二次开发工具,建立了自动武器专用模板库、实例库及参数化图库。开发了在Pro/E环境下专用的自动武器快速设计模块,并通过实例验证了其可行性。

摘要：In order to simultaneously improve strength and formability,an analytical model for the concentration distribution of precipitates and solute elements is established and used to theoretically design and control the heterogeneous microstructure of Al−Zn−Mg−Cu *** results show that the dissolution of precipitates is mainly affected by particle size and heat treatment temperature,the heterogeneous distribution level of solute elements diffused in the alloy matrix mainly depends on the grain size,while the heat treatment temperature only has an obvious effect on the concentration distribution in the larger grains,and the experimental results of Al−Zn−Mg−Cu alloy are in good agreement with the theoretical model predictions of precipitates and solute element concentration *** the concentration distribution of precipitates and solute elements in Al−Zn−Mg−Cu alloys is the premise of accurately constructing heterogeneous microstructure in micro-domains,which can be used to significantly improve the formability of Al−Zn−Mg−Cu alloys with a heterostructure.