摘要：Developing artificial muscles that can replace biological muscles to accomplish various tasks iswhat we have long been aiming *** advances in flexible materials and 3D printing technology greatly promote the development of artificial muscle technology.A variety of flexible material-based artificial muscles that are driven by different external stimuli,including pressure,voltage,light,magnetism,temperature,etc.,have been *** these,fluid-driven artificial muscles(FAMs),which can convert the power of fluid(gas or liquid)into the force output and displacement of flexible materials,are the most widely used actuation methods for industrial robots,medical instruments,and human-assisted devices due to their simplicity,excellent safety,large actuation force,high energy efficiency,and low ***,the bio-design,manufacturing,sensing,control,and applications of FAMs are introduced,including conventional pneumatic/hydraulic artificial muscles and several innovative artificial muscles driven by functional ***’s more,the challenges and future directions of FAMs are discussed.

摘要：课程思政是当前高校落实"立德树人"根本任务的重要形式。在抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情中,中华民族同舟共济、守望相助,共同铸就了伟大的抗疫精神,为课程思政教学提供了最生动的元素。本文对"战疫"行动中的抗疫精神进行梳理和总结,将其内涵凝练为5项内容;以新型冠状病毒的"核酸检测、疫苗研制及其变异"中蕴含的"抗疫精神"为思政载体,甄选"基因工程"课程中对应的理论内容,开展聚焦抗疫精神的"基因工程"课程思政教学设计与实践研究,利用问卷法和深度访谈法对教学实施效果进行评价,旨在引导学生在学习专业理论知识的同时,感悟课程内容中蕴含的抗疫精神,并将其内化为价值追求,潜移默化中提升学生的思想意识和道德修养,同时为生物类其他专业课程思政教学提供参考和借鉴。

摘要：目的:研究2种环孢素A制剂的人体生物利用度.方法:采用两阶段、双交叉试验设计,20名健康志愿者单剂量口服500mg受试药(环孢素A口服溶液)和对照药(环孢素A胶囊)后采用高效液相色谱法测定全血中的药物浓度.结果:受试药与对照药的AUC0～24分别为(15 033.4±3 474.9)、(16 106.4±2 975.5)(ng·h)/ml,AUC0～∞分别为(16 755.5±3 827.5)、(17 488.5±3 233.89)(ng·h)/ml,tmax分别为(2.05±0.58)、(2.60±0.53)h,Cmax分别为(2 660.3±491.5)、(2 665.5±527.1)ng/ml,t1/2分别为(8.30±2.60)、(7.15±2.09)h;经统计分析,二者AUC 0～24、AUC0～∞、Cmax无显著性差异(P＞0.05),受试药tmax快于对照药;受试药的相对生物利用度为(93.83±15.21)%.结论:2种制剂的AUC 0～24、AUC0～∞、Cmax相似,而tmax差异较大.