摘要：There has been exponential growth in research activities on nanomaterials and nanotechnology for appli- cations in emerging technologies and sustainable energy in the past decade. The properties of nanomaterials have been found to vary in terms of their shapes, sizes, and number of nanoscale dimensions, which have also further boosted the performance of nanomaterial-based electronic, catalytic, and sustainable energy conversion and storage devices. This reveals the importance and, indeed, the linchpin role of nanomaterial synthesis for current nanotechnology and high-performance functional devices. In this review, we provide an overview of the synthesis strategies for design- ing metal oxide nanomaterials in zero-dimensional （0D）, one-dimensional （1D）, two-dimensional （2D）, and three-di- mensional （3D） forms, particularly of the selected typical metal oxides TiO2, SnO2 and ZnO. The pros and cons of the typical synthetic methods and experimental protocols are reviewed and outlined. This comprehensive review gives a broad overview of the synthetic strategies for designing ＂property-on-demand＂ metal oxide nanostructures to fur- ther advance current nanoscience and nanotechnology.

摘要：Superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces have been extensively inves- tigated due to their importance for industrial applications. It has been reported, however, that superhydrophobic surfaces are very sensitive to heat, ultraviolet （UV） light, and electric potential, which interfere with their long-term durability. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to achieve robust superhydrophobic thin films by designing architecture-defined complex nanostructures. A family of ZnO hollow microspheres with controlled constituent architectures in the morphologies of 1D nanowire networks, 2D nanosheet stacks, and 3D mesoporous nanoball blocks, respectively, was synthesized via a two-step self-assembly approach, where the oligomers or the constituent nanostructures with specially designed structures are first formed from surfactant templates, and then further assembled into complex morphologies by the addition of a second co-surfactant. The thin films composed of two-step synthesized ZnO hollow microspheres with different architectures presented superhydrophobicities with contact angles of 150°-155°, superior to the contact angle of 103° for one-step synthesized ZnO hollow microspheres with smooth and solid surfaces. Moreover, the robust superhydrophobicity was further improved by perfluorinated silane surface modification. The perfluorinated silane treated ZnO hollow microsphere thin films maintained excellent hydrophobicity even after 75 h of UV irradiation. The realization of environmentally durable promising solution for their long-term irradiations. superhydrophobic surfaces provides a service under UV or strong solar light

摘要：大气中CO_(2)浓度不断上升导致大量的环境问题,如冰川融化、温室效应、极端天气等,利用电化学方法将CO_(2)经还原反应(CO_(2)RR)转化为有价值的燃料或化学品是解决该问题的可行策略.由于CO_(2)具有稳定的化学键(C=O,806 kJ mol^(-1)),需设计具有优异活性和高选择性的催化剂.近年研究结果表明,过渡金属锚定在N掺杂碳载体上而制得的催化剂(M-N-C)具有较高的原子利用率、独特的活性金属中心电子结构以及存储量丰富,因而被认为是CO_(2)还原为CO的理想电催化剂.目前已经提出了多种方法来制备M-N-C催化剂,包括原子层沉积、基于金属-有机骨架的离子交换、基于载体修饰策略的吸附固化和受限热解.然而,这些方法存在制备过程繁琐或难以大规模生产的问题.同时,采用高温热解制备的M-N-C催化剂,金属活性位点易被其致密的结构包裹,难以完全暴露出来.但有效的活性位点对M-N-C的催化性能起着至关重要的作用,因此有必要研制一种简便、高效的方法来抑制金属原子聚集.超薄二维碳骨架已被证明可以缩短反应物的扩散路径并有利于暴露催化剂活性位点.本文将NiZn层状双金属氢氧化物(NiZn-LDHs)在多羟基化合物中进行剥离形成单层,同时通过控制单层NiZn-LDHs、多羟基化合物和三聚氰胺共同热解,宏量化制得Ni-N-C催化剂.X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)结果表明,在焙烧过程中,可通过改变单层NiZn-LDHs在多羟基化合物中的含量控制Ni-N-C材料中镍纳米颗粒的生成;焙烧过程中Zn挥发能使Ni-N-C材料形成更多中孔,增加碳骨架比表面积和孔径.中孔通道和碳基底超薄特性结合可以促进CO_(2)向内部活性位点扩散,增加反应物与活性位点的接触.XPS结果表明,Ni-N-C材料中Ni原子通过与N配位,锚定在超薄碳骨架上,且存在Niδ+中心(0<δ<2).X射线近边吸收和扩展X射线吸收精细结构分析表明,Ni-N-C-1中的Ni处于低价态(0<δ<2),这与XPS分析一致,且Ni为原子级分散;小波变换分析表明,Ni和N的配位数为3.9.利用H型电解池评估Ni-N-C材料电催化CO_(2)还原性能表明,Ni-N-C-1具有优异的CO_(2)还原活性,在-0.6至-1.0 V电位范围内,FE_(CO)都大于90%,且在-4.9 V时,FE_(CO)为95.2%,CO电流密度为24 mA cm^(-2);在-0.8 V电位,工作25 h后Ni-N-C-1的CO电流密度基本保持不变,说明Ni-N-C-1为稳定的CO_(2)RR催化剂.通过密度泛函理论计算研究了Ni-N-C材料电催化CO_(2)还原为CO的电化学演化历程,结果表明,该反应过程分四个步骤:CO_(2)吸附到单个Ni原子位点上;转移形成*COOH的质子/电子对;*COOH在释放H_(2)O的同时获得质子形成*CO;*CO从Ni位点解吸.相应步骤的吉布斯自由能分别为0.54,1.69,-0.99和-0.98 ***-N-C中Ni原子与配位N原子之间的强相互作用导致Ni原子的电子损失,Ni原子有0.85 e缺陷,周围的N原子有0.15 e堆积,这有利于CO_(2)的吸附.总之,本文采用单层NiZn-LDHs为金属源,开发了一种简便且可宏量化制备CO_(2)RR单原子催化剂的新方法.

摘要：本文针对当下化妆品行业在网络平台上的发展形势,结合对青少年心理特性的分析,通过对相关化妆品品牌网站首页的色彩设计的分析,研究可以吸引青少年的化妆品网页色彩设计,为品牌网络平台的建设提供方向。

摘要：“新丑”设计以独特新奇的视觉特征流行于平面设计领域,这种实验性流派的出现使大众审美又得到了一次新的挑战,同时也使人们看到了设计风格的多样化。本文以“新丑”设计为研究对象,对符号学理论进行阐释,并利用符号学理论对“新丑”设计视觉符号进行解读,讨论其视觉符号特点,更有助于读懂“新丑”设计作为一种实验性流派背后所存在审美价值与社会意义。

摘要：随着海上风电行业的迅猛发展,海上换流平台面临着向大型化和重型化发展的挑战。这一趋势导致换流平台的安装过程日益复杂和困难。鉴于此,轻量化设计成为海上换流平台设计中的一个重要难题。本文旨在提出一种基于多学科优化的海上换流平台设备布局优化设计方法。建立了电气设备的详细模型,并开发了一套设备干涉算法;综合运用多种人工智能算法对设备布局进行了优化,以期获得既满足技术要求又优化空间利用的布局方案。研究结果表明,所提出的算法与数学模型能够有效指导换流站的设备布局,为海上换流平台的轻量化设计提供一种新的解决方案。

摘要：光刻曝光形成的成像分辨率是光刻系统的重要指标,而光衰减器的衰减调节能力直接影响系统的曝光效果。为了获得更大的动态调节能力,设计了一种新型可调光衰减器。该可调衰减器通过联动转镜的结构设计得到实现,当联动转镜角度从25°变化到45°时,衰减器的平均透过率从94. 2%变为7. 8%。联动结构的设计提高了系统的稳定性,并且最大程度的降低了对入射光角度的干扰。在新型光可调衰减器上设计蒸镀了两种深紫外高激光损伤阈值的光学膜。实验采用LZH ML6500 VUV-Spectrometer分光光度计对镀制样品的光谱进行测试,实验结果表明在[8%,90%]范围内光能透过率是连续可调的。应用Ar F准分子激光器,以11. 57 KW/mm2的功率密度照射能够稳定工作,符合设计要求。与传统光可变衰减器相比,该结构衰减动态调节范围宽且更稳定。

摘要：为了探究天然纤维面料的结构和性能对于抽褶形态的影响,选用了三种天然纤维面料,分别对其进行了织物结构、性能测试实验,并制作不同类型的抽褶,针对这三种面料表现出的不同抽褶形态,结合实验数据进行模糊数学分析。得出以下结论:三种织物本身的纤维特点对抽褶的造型影响较大,对于麻织物而言,其抽褶形态受纱线粗细、织物结构紧密程度、抗皱性、悬垂性等因素的影响较大;对于棉和蚕丝织物而言,其抽褶形态受织物抗皱性好坏的影响较小。

摘要：As surgical procedures transition from conventional resection to advanced tissue-regeneration technologies,human disease therapy has witnessed a great leap *** particular,three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting stands as a landmark in this setting,by promising the precise integration of biomaterials,cells,and bioactive molecules,thus opening up a novel avenue for tissue/organ *** by the editorial board of Bio-Design and Manufacturing,this review brings together a cohort of leading young scientists in China to dissect the core functionalities and evolutionary trajectory of 3D bioprinting,by elucidating the intricate challenges encountered in the manufacturing of transplantable *** further delve into the translational pathway from scientific research to clinical application,emphasizing the imperativeness of establishing a regulatory framework and rigorously enforcing quality-control ***,this review outlines the strategic landscape and innovative achievements of China in this field and provides a comprehensive roadmap for researchers worldwide to propel this field collectively to even greater heights.

摘要：纳米金属氧化物(MO_(x))易通过呼吸进入肺部,诱发肺细胞毒性,进而导致肺部多种疾病。仅通过实验方法评估毒性面临效率低、成本高和伦理问题等局限性。对MO_(x)的肺部细胞毒性进行全面评估,有利于防治新污染物的健康危害。为了充分利用现有毒性数据,本研究开发了肺细胞(A549细胞)毒性高通量预测模型,对传统毒性实验进行了补充。通过文献挖掘,构建了MO_(x)诱导肺细胞毒性数据集,涵盖9种MO_(x)在8种不同浓度下产生的72个毒性数据点,以及材料密度、粒径等29种性质参数。使用合成少数类过采样技术(SMOTE)算法处理不平衡数据,构建了基于多种机器学习算法的预测模型,表现最优的模型在训练集十折交叉验证和测试集外部验证中准确率分别超过0.90和0.85。基于Shapley可加性特征解释方法(SHAP),识别了暴露浓度、暴露时间以及材料分散指数等影响毒性的5个关键参数,阐明了毒性机理。基于相似性网络图对建模数据的代表性及模型应用域进行了表征。本研究构建的机器学习模型实现了MO_(x)毒性的高通量准确预测,可以作为纳米材料毒性评估和安全设计的有力工具。