摘要：Controllably mounting foreign atoms on the surfaces of earth-abundant electrocatalysts strongly improve their surface electronic properties for optimizing the catalytic performance of surficial sites to an unusual level,and provides a good platform to gain deep insights into catalytic *** present work describes,employing ultrafine W2C nanoislands(average size:2.3 nm)monodispersed on the N,P dual-doped carbon frameworks as a model system,how to regulate the atomic phosphorous-mounting effect on the surfaces of W_(2)C to derive an active and stable P-mounting W_(2)C(WCP)catalyst for both acidic and alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Since in situ phosphorus substitution into carbon sites of preformed W_(2)C nanoislands gradually proceeds from surfaces to solids,so that using a proper amount of phosphorus sources can readily control the surface mounting level to avoid the mass P-doping into the *** this way,the activity per active site of WCP catalyst with robust stability can be optimized to 0.07 and 0.56 H_(2 )s^(-1) at-200 mV overpotential in acid and base,respectively,which reach up to the several-fold of pure-phase W_(2)C(0.01 and 0.05 H_(2) s^(-1)).Theoretical investigations suggest that compared with solid P doping,the P mounting on W_(2)C surface can more remarkably enhance its metallicity and decrease the hydrogen release *** finding disclosed a key correlation between surface foreign atom-mounting and catalytic activity,and suggested a logical extension to other earth-abundant catalysts for various catalytic reactions.

摘要：为了准确分析煤矿富水采空区的分布与影响范围,在对古书院煤矿富水采空区进行瞬变电磁探测的基础上,设计了基于波场变换的瞬变电磁拟地震数据处理实验方案,并同传统瞬变电磁数据处理方法进行了对比分析。结果表明,在拟地震断面图中,富水采空区边界与所圈定的电性界面存在显著的对应关系,同传统瞬变电磁数据处理方法相比,基于波场变换的拟地震数据处理方法能够更有效地分辨富水采空区的分布及边界范围,克服体积效应带来的不利影响,提高了纵向分辨率,为采空区水害防治提供依据。