摘要：稠油是一种高粘度、高含硫、高金属含量的原油,其资源丰富且分布广泛,是未来原油生产的重要补充来源之一。稠油的高效开发利用对能源安全和经济发展至关重要。然而,稠油的高黏度和复杂化学组成使其难以直接通过常规技术进行开采。催化水热裂解反应作为一种能够有效降低稠油黏度、提升其品质的技术,已成为近年来研究的热点。本文综述了稠油催化水热裂解反应的最新研究进展,包括催化剂的种类、反应机理、反应条件对产物分布的影响、反应器设计及工业应用前景,并对未来研究方向提出了建议。Heavy oil is a kind of crude oil with high viscosity, high sulfur content and high metal content, which is rich in resources and widely distributed, and is one of the important supplementary sources of crude oil production in the future. The efficient exploitation and utilization of heavy oil is very important for energy security and economic development. However, the high viscosity and complex chemical composition of heavy oil make it difficult to directly recover by conventional technology. As a technology that can effectively reduce viscosity and improve the quality of heavy oil, catalytic hydrothermal cracking has become a research hotspot in recent years. In this paper, the latest research progress of catalytic hydrothermal cracking of heavy oil is reviewed, including the types of catalysts, reaction mechanism, the effect of reaction conditions on product distribution, reactor design and industrial application prospect, and future research directions are suggested.

摘要：近年来,随着油气资源的勘探和开发进入更深层、更复杂的地质环境,传统钻井方式在效率、安全和成本上面临严峻挑战。为应对这些挑战,人工智能(AI)技术正逐步渗透到油气钻井工程中,提升了钻井作业的智能化水平。本文结合国内外对油气钻井工程的研究现状,讨论了人工智能在油气钻井工程中的关键技术应用,智能钻完井技术结合大数据、人工智能算法和软件平台,优化井眼轨道、导向钻井和钻速等关键技术,以提高作业安全性和效率。其次,智能钻井装备的研发与应用在国际上已相对成熟,智能钻机、钻头和旋转导向系统等设备实现了高度自动化,提高了作业效率并降低了人力成本。最后,钻完井软件系统通过引入机器学习和云计算等技术,整合和分析大量数据,从而优化钻井设计和操作。虽然国内在智能钻井软件和装备方面起步较晚,但已有了一定进展,主要集中在监测优化和设计方面。未来,随着核心技术的突破,人工智能将为油气资源开发带来技术革命。我国需继续加强基础研究,结合行业实际需求,推动技术自主创新与应用推广,以提升整体智能化水平,缩小与国际先进技术的差距。In recent years, as the exploration and development of oil and gas resources enter deeper and more complex geological environments, traditional drilling methods face severe challenges in efficiency, safety and cost. To meet these challenges, artificial intelligence (AI) technology is gradually penetrating into oil and gas drilling engineering, improving the intelligence level of drilling operations. Based on the current research status of oil and gas drilling engineering at home and abroad, this paper discusses the key technical applications of artificial intelligence in oil and gas drilling engineering. Intelligent drilling and completion technology combines big data, artificial intelligence algorithms and software platforms to optimize key technologies such as wellbore trajectory, directional drilling and drilling speed to improve operation safety and efficiency. Secondly, the research and development and application of intelligent drilling equipment have been relatively mature internationally. Equipment such as intelligent drilling rigs, drill bits and rotary steering systems have achieved a high degree of automation, which has improved operation efficiency and reduced labor costs. Finally, the drilling and completion software system integrates and analyzes a large amount of data by introducing technologies such as machine learning and cloud computing, thereby optimizing drilling design and operation. Although China started late in the field of intelligent drilling software and equipment, it has made some progress, mainl

摘要：针对起重机的安全性问题和传统的安全评价方法计算效率低下等复杂问题,提出Sobol方差结合代理模型的计算分析方法来研究桥式起重机的结构安全评估。根据桥式起重机的结构特点和2种失效模式的安全评价准则,通过Sobol方差的概念建立量化评价模型,利用克里金代理模型提升计算效率。结果表明:采用克里金代理模型的计算方法可以将结果误差控制0.80%~4.41%,节省90%计算成本;在各种失效阈值下,翼缘板厚度对于结构强度和刚度的失效概率影响是最大的。该方法不仅提高了起重机结构安全评价效率,节省了试验成本,而且弥补了多种设计变量下的起重机结构安全评价的不足。