摘要：An optimization method is proposed for designing an LED freeform lens which produces a uniform circular pattern with high energy *** method is composed of three main aspects:design of the initial guess,parameterization of the freeform surface,and construction of the merit *** initial guess is created by solving an ordinary differential equation *** approach of selecting optimization points is introduced for parameterization of the freeform *** merit function is constructed by use of the irradiance uniformity and the efficiency of the *** examples are given,and the results show that the irradiance distribution is well controlled with a maximum uniformity(the relative standard deviation of irradiance,RSD) of 0.0122 and a maximum efficiency of 93.88%.This optimization method can be generalized to design freeform lenses with different lighting patterns or without rotational symmetry.

摘要：This paper presents the development of a normal adjustment cell (NAC) in aero-robotic drilling to improve the quality of vertical drilling, by using an intelligent double-eccentric disk normal adjustment mechanism (2-EDNA), a spherical plain bearing and a floating compress module with sensors. After the surface normal vector is calculated based on the laser sensors' feedback, the 2-EDNA concept is conceived specifically to address the deviation of the spindle from the surface normal at the drilling point. Following the angle calculation, depending on the actual initial position, two precise eccentric disks (PEDs) with an identical eccentric radius are used to rotate with the appropriate angles using two high-resolution DC servomotors. The two PEDs will carry the spindle to coincide with the surface normal, keeping the vertex of the drill bit still to avoid repeated adjustment and position compensation. A series of experiments was conducted on an aeronautical drilling robot platform with a precise NAC. The effect of normal adjustment on bore diameter, drilling force, burr size, drilling heat, and tool wear was analyzed. The results validate that using the NAC in robotic drilling results in greatly improved vertical drilling quality and is attainable in terms of intelligence and accuracy. (C) 2015 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

摘要：The effects of various structure factors on the properties(superelasticity mainly) of Cu-based shape memory alloys(SMAs) were systematically evaluated in this review article through literatures combining with our work. It is concluded that besides the decisive role of grain orientation, the grain boundary(GB) characteristics also play important roles in the superelasticity, which include GB area, GB type, GB morphology and GB direction in descending order of the effect significance. According to the above results, the prior principles of structure design are proposed for high-performance Cu-based SMAs from most to least important:(1) obtaining grain orientation with high phase transformation strain;(2) increasing grain size or reducing GB area;(3) obtaining straight low-energy GBs, especially low-angle GBs;(4) trying to make GB direction parallel to external stress. Consistent with the main or all principles, the bamboo-like-grained and columnar-grained(CG) Cu-based SMAs show excellent comprehensive properties.

摘要：Four types of seismic design details were tested using 11 transfer column specimens and one comparison specimen of RC under low cyclic reversed loading. Test results show that diagonal cracks control the failure pattern and damage occurs mainly in the RC section with weak shear capacity in the transfer columns. There is a large difference in the bearing capacity and ductility of the transfer columns according to the test results, which indicates that the strengthening effect of diverse structural measures is quite different. The section ratio of I-section-encased steel and the axial compression ratio also have a great influence on the bearing capacity and ductility. Although the bearing capacity of transfer columns with additional longitudinal bars and additional X bars is relatively large, they have poor deformation capacity. Setting more stirrups along the columns is the best structural measure to enhance the seismic performance. The studs on the I-sectionencased steel by welding can help to complete the stress transfer between the steel and concrete, and avoid performance degradation of the two materials due to bonding failure.

摘要：An augmented proportional-integral sliding surface was designed for a sliding mode controller. A chatter free sliding mode control strategy for a chaotic coal mine power grid was developed. The stability of the control strategy was proven by Lyapunov stability theorem. The proposed sliding mode control strategy eliminated the chattering phenomenon by replacing the sign function with a saturation function, and by replacing the constant coefficients in the reaching law with adaptive ones. An immune genetic algorithm was used to optimize the parameters in the improved reaching law. The cut-in time of the controllers was optimized to reduce the peak energy of their output. Simulations showed that the proposed sliding mode controller has good, chatter flee performance.

摘要：In this study,a hybrid uncertainties-based analysis and optimization method is presented for the designs of the powertrain mounting system(PMS)involving mixed *** the presented method,the PMS parameters with sufficient data are treated as random variables,while those with limited information are defined as interval ***,an uncertainty-based analysis method called as hybrid interval-random perturbation-central difference method(HIRP-CDM),is proposed to compute the hybrid interval-random outputs of the inherent characteristics of the PMS in concerned *** addition,the hybrid interval-random-Monte Carlo method(HIR-MCM)is developed to verify the computational accuracy of ***,an optimization model mixed uncertainties is built up for the PMS design based on HIRP-CDM,in which the hybrid intervalrandom outputs of the concerned inherent characteristics are adopted to construct the design objective and *** complex optimization problem can be effectively settled by means of *** effectiveness of the presented method is verified by a numerical example.

摘要：Here,a novel Au Wedge-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(WERS)substrate is *** electric field enhancement factor and the effective mode field radius with varying geometry parameters are *** proper excitation wavelength 633 nm is *** practical application of WERS substrate is *** Au WERS not only can provide a continuous extremely highly localized electric field as surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)hotspots,but also can offer 10 orders of magnitude of SERS enhancement *** corresponding results reveal that WERS substrate will be widely applied in optics,biology,chemistry and other fields.

摘要：Prolog is one of the most important candidates to build expert systems and AI-related programs and has potential applications in embedded systems. However, Prolog is not suitable to develop many kinds of components, such as data acquisition and task scheduling, which are also crucial. To make the best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages, it is attractive to integrate Prolog with programs developed by other languages. In this paper, an IPC-based method is used to integrate backward chaining inference implemented by Prolog into applications or embedded systems. A Prolog design pattern is derived from the method for reuse, whose principle and definition are provided in detail. Additionally, the design pattern is applied to a target system, which is free software, to verify its feasibility. The detailed implementation of the application is given to clarify the design pattern. The design pattern can be further applied to wide range applications and embedded systems and the method described in this paper can also be adopted for other logic programming languages.

摘要：With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology and increasing material data,machine learning-and artificial intelligence-assisted design of high-performance steel materials is becoming a mainstream paradigm in materials *** learning methods,based on an interdisciplinary discipline between computer science,statistics and material science,are good at discovering correlations between numerous data *** with the traditional physical modeling method in material science,the main advantage of machine learning is that it overcomes the complex physical mechanisms of the material itself and provides a new perspective for the research and development of novel *** review starts with data preprocessing and the introduction of different machine learning models,including algorithm selection and model ***,some successful cases of applying machine learning methods in the field of steel research are reviewed based on the main theme of optimizing composition,structure,processing,and *** application of machine learning methods to the performance-oriented inverse design of material composition and detection of steel defects is also ***,the applicability and limitations of machine learning in the material field are summarized,and future directions and prospects are discussed.

摘要：The combined use of guided tissue/bone regeneration(GTR/GBR)membranes and bone filling grafts represents a classical therapy for guiding the regeneration and functional reconstruction of oral soft and hard ***,due to its displacement and poor mechanical support,bone meal is not suitable for implantation in the case of insufficient cortical bone support and large dimensional *** combination of GTR/GBR membrane with a three-dimensional(3D)porous scaffold may offer a resolution for the repair and functional reconstruction of large soft and hard tissue *** this study,a novel integrated gradient biodegradable porous scaffold was prepared by bonding a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)/fish collagen(FC)electrospun membrane(PFC)to a 3D-printed PLGA/nano-hydroxyapatite(HA)(PHA)*** consistency of the composition(PLGA)ensured strong interfacial bonding between the upper fibrous membrane and the lower 3D *** vitro cell experiments showed that the PFC membrane(upper layer)effectively prevented the unwanted migration of L929 *** in vivo investigations with an oral soft and hard tissue defect model in beagles revealed that the integrated scaffold effectively guided the regeneration of defective oral *** results suggest that the designed integrated scaffold has great potential for guiding the regeneration and reconstruction of large oral soft and hard tissues.