摘要：Achieving a satisfactory energy-power combination in a supercapacitor that is based on all-carbon electrodes and operates in benign aqueous media instead of conventional organic electrolytes is a major challenge. For this purpose, we fabricated carbon nanoflakes （20-100 nm in thickness, 5-μm in width） containing an unparalleled combination of a large surface area （3,000 m2-g-1 range） and mesoporosity （up to 72%）. These huge-surface area functionalized carbons （HSAFCs） also had a substantial oxygen and nitrogen content （N10 wt.% combined）, with a significant fraction of redox-active carboxyl/phenol groups in an optimized specimen. Their unique structure and chemistry resulted from a tailored single-step carbonization-activation approach employing （2-benzimidazolyl） acetonitrile combined with potassium hydroxide （KOH）. The HSAFCs exhibited specific capacitances of 474 F-g-1 at 0.5 A.g-1 and 285 F-g-1 at 100 A.g-1 （charging time 〈 3 s） in an aqueous 2 M KOH solution. These values are among the highest reported, especially at high currents. When tested with a stable 1.8-V window in a 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte, a symmetric supercapacitor device using the fabricated nanoflakes as electrodes yielded a normalized active mass of 24.4 Wh-kg-1 at 223 W·kg-1 and 7.3 Wh·kg-1 at 9,360 W·kg-1. The latter value corresponds to a charge time of 〈3 s. The cyclability of the devices was excellent, with 93% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles. All the electrochemical results were achieved by employing electrodes with near-commercial mass loadings of 8 mg-cm-2.

摘要：Corrosion in complex coupling environments is an important issue in corrosion field, because it is difficult to take into account a large number of environment factors and their interactions. Design of Experiment(DOE) can present a methodology to deal with this difficulty, although DOE is not commonly spread in corrosion field. Thus, modeling corrosion of Ni-Cr-Mo-V steel in deep sea environment was performed in order to provide example demonstrating the advantage of DOE. In addition, an artificial neural network mapping using back-propagation method was developed for Ni-Cr-Mo-V steel such that the ANN model can be used to predict polarization curves under different complex sea environments without experimentation. Furthermore, roles of environment factors on corrosion of Ni-Cr-Mo-V steel in deep sea environment were discussed.

摘要：The second class of high-temperature superconductors （HTSCs）, iron-based pnictides and chalcogenides, necessarily contain Fe2X2 （＂X＂ refers to a pnictogen or a chalcogen element） layers, just like the first class of HTSCs which possess the essential CuO2 sheets. So far, dozens of iron-based HTSCs, classified into nine groups, have been discovered. In this article, the crystal-chemistry aspects of the known iron-based superconductors are reviewed and summarized by employing ＂hard and soft acids and bases （HSAB）＂ concept. Based on these understandings, we propose an alternative route to exploring new iron-based superconductors via rational structural design.

摘要：A methodology was proposed for the design of micropiles to increase earth slopes stability. An analytic model based on bearn-colurnn equation and an existing P-y curve method was set up and used to find the shear capacity of the micropile. Then, a step-by-step design procedure for stabilization of earth slope with rnicropiles was introduced, involving six main steps： 1） Choosing a location for the rnicropiles within the existing slope; 2） Selecting micropile cross section; 3） Estimating length of rnicropile; 4） Evaluating shear capacity of mieropiles; 5） Calculating spacing required to provide force to stabilize the slope; 6） Designing the concrete cap beam. The application of the method to an embankment landslide in Qinghai Province was described in detail. In the final design, three rows of rnicropiles were adopted as a group and a total of 126 rnicropiles with 0.23 m in diameter were used. The micropile length ranged between 15 and 18 m, with the spacing 1.5 m at in-row direction. The monitoring data indicate that slope movement has been effectively controlled as a result of the slope stabilization measure, which verifies the reasonability of the design method.

摘要：Nonreciprocity of thermal metamaterials has significant application prospects in isolation protection,unidirectional transmission,and energy ***,due to the inherent isotropic diffusion law of heat flow,it is extremely difficult to achieve nonreciprocity of heat *** review presents the recent developments in thermal nonreciprocity and explores the fundamental theories,which underpin the design of nonreciprocal thermal metamaterials,i.e.,the Onsager reciprocity ***,three methods for achieving nonreciprocal metamaterials in the thermal field are elucidated,namely,nonlinearity,spatiotemporal modulation,and angular momentum bias,and the applications of nonreciprocal thermal metamaterials are *** also discuss nonreciprocal thermal ***,the potential applications of nonreciprocity to other Laplacian physical fields are ***,the prospects for advancing nonreciprocal thermal metamaterials are highlighted,including developments in device design and manufacturing techniques and machine learning-assisted material design.

摘要：This paper proposes a new approach to mial function of transmission error （TE） for spiral design and implement a seventh-order polyno- bevel gears with an aim to reduce the running vibration and noise of gear drive and improve the loaded distribution of the tooth. Based on the constraint conditions of predesigned seventh-order polynomial function curve and the theory of linear algebra, the polynomial coefficients of the seventh-order polynomial function of transmission error can be obtained. By applying a method named reverse tooth contact analysis, the modified roll coefficients as well as parts of machine-tool settings for the face-milling of spiral bevel gears can be individually determined. Therefore, a predesigned seventh-order polynomial function of transmission error for spiral bevel gears can be obtained by the modified roll with high-order coef- ficients, and comparisons of the seventh-order polynomial and parabolic functions of transmission error are also performed. The achievement of spiral bevel gears with the seventh-order function of transmission error can be accomplished on a universal Cartesian-type hypoid gear generator or a numerically controlled cradle-style hypoid gear generator due to its simple generating motion of axes of the cradle and the work piece. The results of a numerical example show that the bending stresses of the tooth of seventh-order are less than those of a parabolic one, while the contact stresses remain almost eouivalent.

摘要：In the ship hull optimization design based on simulation-based design(SBD) technology, low precision of the approximate model leads to an uncertainty form of optimization model. In order to enable the approximate model with finite precision to maximize the effectiveness, uncertainty optimization method is introduced *** resistance coefficient approximation model, built by back propagation(BP) neural network, is represented as a form of interval. Afterwards, a minimum resistance optimization model is established with the design space constituted by principal dimensions and ship form coefficients. Double-level nested optimization architecture is proposed: for outer layer, improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO) algorithm with learning factor improvement strategy is used to generate design variables, and for inner layer, modified very fast simulated annealing(MVFSA) algorithm is used to solve the objective function interval with uncertainty region. Cases calculation proves the effectiveness and superiority of uncertainty optimization method for ship hull SBD optimization design,thus providing a good way for finding optimal designs.

摘要：Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are lipid-bound vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular *** are three types of EVs,including exosomes(30–150 nm)[1],microvesicles(100–1000 nm),and apoptotic bodies(50–4000 nm).EVs are also important intercellular communication carriers in many physiological and pathological processes such as immune response,tumor invasion,and metastasis[2,3].EVs circulate in various body fluids(e.g.,peripheral blood and urine),while carrying genetic information(e.g.,proteins and nucleic acids)from the parent cells[2,4,5].Thus,their source can be identified through gene analysis[6–10].

摘要：Based upon characteristic movement features of the overlying strata in solid backfill mining and in-situ observations,an associated model representing a roadway support system has been *** on the Winkler foundation and beam model,the current study presents a static analysis of the model,thus permitting acquisition of a theoretical formula pertaining to roof *** use of working face 6304-1(Jisan Colliery) as the research setting,the association between roof convergence magnitude and both packwall strength and width have been *** upon observed conditions at the working face,realistic packwall parameters have been formulated,with numerical simulation results and field application results indicating that design parameters garnered from the developed formula successfully adapted to local geological movement and ***,roadway deformation was shown to be within the permissible range,thus satisfying mine production *** proposed method in the current study may give a design basis for pack design in the context of SBM under similar conditions.

摘要：A hybrid method for synthesizing antenna＇s three dimensional （3D） pattern is proposed to obtain the low sidelobe feature of truncated cone conformal phased arrays. In this method, the elements of truncated cone conformal phased arrays are projected to the tangent plane in one generatrix of the truncated cone. Then two dimensional （2D） Chebyshev amplitude distribution optimization is respectively used in two mutual vertical directions of the tangent plane. According to the location of the elements, the excitation current amplitude distribution of each element on the conformal structure is derived reversely, then the excitation current amplitude is further optimized by using the genetic algorithm （GA）. A truncated cone problem with 8x8 elements on it, and a 3D pattern desired side lobe level （SLL） up to 35 dB, is studied. By using the hybrid method, the optimal goal is accomplished with acceptable CPU time, which indicates that this hybrid method for the low sidelobe synthesis is feasible.