摘要：采用随机区组设计,以垦啤麦9号为试验材料,研究氮、钾配施对大麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明,氮、钾配施对大麦产量和品质有明显的影响。适宜的氮、钾用量配比可提高大麦的株高、穗长、穗粒重和千粒重。大麦籽粒产量、蛋白质含量、淀粉含量及糖化力均表现出随氮、钾用量的增加而增加的趋势。适宜的氮、钾用量及配比可以达到提高大麦产量和改善品质的双重目的。

摘要：采用四因素五水平(1/2实施)二次通用旋转组合设计,选取灌水、施氮肥、施磷肥和秸秆覆盖四因素作为试验因素,在辽西半干旱区褐土农田进行了水肥耦合效应长期定位试验。按照二次通用旋转组合设计统计分析方法建立回归模型,分析了水肥耦合对玉米籽粒全氮含量的影响。结果表明:水肥单因子对籽粒全氮的含量有较明显的影响,影响顺序为施氮>秸秆覆盖>施磷>灌水;当灌水量为***-2、施氮量为***-2、施磷量为***-2和秸秆覆盖量为***-2时,它们每个因素对玉米籽粒全氮含量的影响都集中11.7g·kg-1,此时籽粒蛋白质含量为73g·kg-1,产量为***-2,表明该处理组合下,玉米的经济效益和生态效益达到最佳,推荐生产上以此进行施肥。

摘要：研究了平衡施肥对松嫩平原黑土区玉米生长发育状况和产量效益的影响。结果表明:平衡施肥对双城、海伦和依安玉米生长发育及产量、效益有明显的正效应。黑龙江省黑土玉米产量限制因子依次为氮、磷、钾。与最佳施肥处理(OPT)相比,不施氮肥平均减产23.4%,少收入2 514元.hm-2;不施磷肥平均减产15.9%,少收入1 699元.hm-2;不施钾肥平均减产16.3%,少收入1 646元.hm-2;不施肥处理平均减产35.3%,少收入2762元.hm-2;农民习惯施肥(FP)平均减产4.9%,少收入458元.hm-2。说明最佳施肥处理设计合理。双城氮磷钾肥农学效率分别为23.9、48.2和31.5 ***-1;海伦氮磷钾肥农学效率分别为11.4、16.9和21.7 ***-1;依安氮磷钾肥农学效率分别为13.1、29.6和13.1 ***-1。从肥料农学效率方面考虑,应该在所设定的最佳处理氮钾肥的基础上适当提高磷肥和钾肥用量,以使最佳处理不断优化,达到玉米高产、优质和高效的目的。

摘要：通过设计不同施氮方式,研究辽宁大凌河流域耕型壤质草甸土大田玉米土壤硝态氮(NO3-N)运移动态,并讨论了氮肥的经济环保施用方式。结果表明,土壤NO3-N含量随氮肥用量的增加而增加,同等施氮量条件下,土壤NO3-N含量表现为化肥处理>秸秆还田处理>缓控释肥料处理。随着不同生育期根系对养分的需求,各层土壤可自动调节NO3-N向上向下双向运移。生育前期下层土壤中的NO3-N会向上运移,后期则向下运移。秸秆还田处理可以增加土壤对NO3-N的固持能力,阻止NO3-N向地下部迁移,减少地下水污染的危险。缓控释肥料的使用达到了养分持续释放的效果,并将养分释放的最高峰值推后30d,及时满足籽实成熟期养分供应。缓控释肥料处理的产量最高,土壤NO3-N有累积但最少,对环境负面影响也少,但存在向下运移的趋势。秸秆还田处理产量与传统施肥处理产量相近,能增加土壤中NO3-N含量并能阻止向下运移。

摘要：The moving dynamics of nitrate nitrogen（NO3-N）in soil of maize field on meadow soil of Daling river valley in Liaoning and its rational fertilization controlling were discussed in this study by the designing of different kinds of N application *** results showed that the content of NO3-N in soil was increased with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer;At the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer,the content of NO3-N in soil showed a trend of chemical fertilizerstraw treatmentslow controlled release *** on the requirement of roots in different growth stages to nutrition,the migration directions of NO3-N could be regulated by each layer of *** the early growth stage,the NO3-N would move upward,while it moved downward in the late growth *** returning treatment could improve the keeping ability of soil to NO3-N and avoid the downward migration of NO3-N,as well as reduce the damage of groundwater *** use of slow controlled release fertilizer had achieved the continuing releasing of ***,the peak of nutrition releasing had been delayed for 30 d,which had met the requirement of nutrient supply in maturing *** yield of slow controlled release fertilizer treatment was the highest with the least accumulation of NO3-N and less negative influence on *** yield of straw returning treatment and chemical fertilizer treatment was closed to each other.