摘要：The coverage of network resources is increasingly extensive,and computing resources have likewise gradually become fundamental infrastructures,providing ubiquitous computing ***,in wide area networks(WANs),the underlying network and computing resources are not closely investigated or co-designed,and there are still problems reflected in slow computing service scheduling,inflexible data distribution,and inefficient data transmission.

摘要：Given the carbon peak and carbon neutrality era,there is an urgent need to develop high-strength steel with remarkable hydrogen embrittlement *** is crucial in enhancing toughness and ensuring the utilization of hydrogen in emerging iron and steel ***,the pursuit of enhanced metallic materials presents a cross-disciplinary scientific and engineering *** high-strength,toughened steel with both enhanced strength and hydrogen embrittlement(HE)resistance holds significant theoretical and practical *** ensures secure hydrogen utilization and further carbon neutrality objectives within the iron and steel *** on the design principles of high-strength steel HE resistance,this review provides a comprehensive overview of research on designing surface HE resistance and employing nanosized precipitates as intragranular hydrogen *** also proposes feasible recommendations and prospects for designing high-strength steel with enhanced HE resistance.

摘要：拓扑优化由于其严格的数学理论,成为连续结构设计中决定材料分布的重要方法.然而,随着材料类型在设计域内的增加,传统拓扑优化方法的计算效率大大降低.本文提出了一种基于深度学习的拓扑优化方法,用于提高多材料结构拓扑优化设计的计算效率.首先,利用固体各向同性材料惩罚(SIMP)方法对大量多材料结构进行优化设计,构建了多材料拓扑优化数据集.其次,ResUNet被引入生成对抗式网络形成ResUNet-GAN,构建了设计参数和优化构型之间的高维映射.最后,利用预训练的ResUNet-GAN实现多材料拓扑优化设计.数值模拟验证了ResUNet-GAN成功地应用于双材料的悬臂梁、三材料悬臂梁、三材料简支梁结构的拓扑优化设计.研究表明,基于深度学习拓扑优化方法的计算效率优于传统方法,为高效拓扑优化设计的发展奠定了理论基础.

摘要：Metalenses with achromatic performance offer a new opportunity for high-quality imaging with an ultracompact configuration;however,they suffer from complex fabrication processes and low focusing *** this study,we propose an efficient design method for achromatic microlenses on a wavelength scale using materials with low dispersion,an adequately designed convex surface,and a thickness profile *** taking into account the absolute chromatic aberration,relative focal length shift(FLS),and numerical aperture(NA),microlens with a certain focal length can be realized through our realized map of geometric ***,the designed achromatic microlenses with low-dispersion fused silica were fabricated using a focused ion beam,and precise surface profiles were *** fabricated microlenses exhibited a high average focusing efficiency of 65%at visible wavelengths of 410-680 nm and excellent achromatic capability via white light ***,the design exhibited the advantages of being polarization-insensitive and *** results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed achromatic microlens design approach,which expands the prospects of miniaturized optics such as virtual and augmented reality,ultracompact microscopes,and biological endoscopy.

摘要：集成电路技术作为信息科技的核心,不仅是经济发展的基石,更关乎国家安全和战略竞争地位.国家自然科学基金委支持我国集成电路领域基础研究,逐渐形成了多层次科学基金资助体系.本文分析了近十年(2014—2023)“集成电路设计”(F0402)与“集成电路器件、制造与封装”(F0406)代码下各类型项目的研究方向、资助项目数量、经费等情况,旨在通过对历年资助项目研究方向的分析,了解我国集成电路研究的热点及研究特点,探讨集成电路研究领域未来研究发展趋势,为科研院所、高校及企事业单位了解该领域的研究热点、未来发展方向及路径提供借鉴.

摘要：由于环境相容性好、分子结构可定制和有机物资源丰富等优势,水系锌-有机物电池(AZOBs)成为构建新一代大规模储能系统的关键技术.然而,电导率差、有机物溶解和单一活性基团等问题严重限制了有机物正极材料的倍率性能、稳定性和比容量.因此,具备多氧化还原中心和稳定骨架的有机物正极材料对于实现高性能有机物正极材料至关重要.这些多官能团有机物可协同作用并激发基于多电子转移的氧化还原反应,进而促进H^(+)/Zn^(2+)共嵌以显著提升电池性能.本文探索了多官能团有机物电极的分子结构与其氧化还原反应机理之间的构效关系.本文综述了多官能团有机正极材料在提高氧化还原电位、比容量、动力学以及稳定性等方面面临的挑战和解决策略,为进一步开发先进AZOBs的关键正极材料提供了重要基础.

摘要：扑翼机器人是一种高仿生度的飞行器,它可以执行军事侦察和民用监测任务。在执行这些任务时,避障是一种确保扑翼机器人安全的必要功能。本文设计了一种基于单目视觉的扑翼机器人自主避障系统,其中所有图像的处理计算均使用机载处理器实现。在这个系统中,机载处理器的质量被减至48 g,以便于扑翼机器人可以携带它稳定飞行。该系统的工作流程可以分为以下几步:首先,图像采集模块获取周围环境的视频图像;然后,机载处理器通过处理扑翼机器人第一视角的光流信息来计算方向舵角度和转弯方向;最后,飞控板接收计算结果并控制扑翼机器人避开障碍物。地面站对扑翼机器人飞行过程进行实时监测,实验结果验证了本文所设计的避障系统的有效性。

摘要：Co-Ni-based superalloys are known for their capability to function at elevated temperatures and superior hot corrosion and thermal fatigue ***,these alloys show potential as crucial high-temperature structural materials for aeroengine and gas turbine hot-end *** previous work elucidated the influence of Ti and Ta on the high-temperature mechanical properties of ***,the intricate interaction among elements considerably affects the oxidation resistance of *** this paper,Co-35Ni-10Al-2W-5Cr-2Mo-1Nb-xTi-(5−x)Ta alloys(x=1,2,3,4)with varying Ti and Ta contents were designed and compounded,and their oxidation resistance was investigated at the temperature range from 800 to 1000℃.After oxidation at three test conditions,namely,800℃for 200 h,900℃for 200 h,and 1000℃for 50 h,the main structure of the oxide layer of the alloy consisted of spinel,Cr_(2)O_(3),and Al_(2)O_(3)from outside to *** consisting of Ta,W,and Mo formed below the Cr_(2)O_(3)*** interaction of Ti and Ta imparted the highest oxidation resistance to 3Ti2Ta ***,an excessive amount of Ti or Ta resulted in an adverse effect on the oxidation resistance of the *** study reports the volatilization of W and Mo oxides during the oxidation process of Co-Ni-based cast superalloys with a high Al content for the first time and explains the formation mechanism of holes in the oxide *** results provide a basis for gaining insights into the effects of the interaction of alloying elements on the oxidation resistance of the alloys they form.

摘要：薄煤层N00工法的提出,革新了传统的煤矿开采模式、关键技术与装备系统,并取得了成功应用。而新开采模式下的巷道围岩控制技术尚不完善,为实现薄煤层N00工法巷道顶板结构的安全稳定,考虑其工艺流程和顶板变形特点,将巷道划分为超前硐室、垮落成巷两个阶段。并基于Hoek-Brown非线性岩体强度破坏准则,确定了巷道顶板不同阶段的锚杆/索预紧力的计算公式,提出了巷道顶板锚杆/索预紧力及长度设计方法。此外,结合数值模拟研究了不同阶段巷道顶板锚杆/索支护作用机理及不同锚杆/索支护组合对围岩应力分布的影响,揭示了锚杆/索支护关键参数对顶板稳定性的影响机制。最后,综合理论与数值模拟分析结果,提出了分区补偿支护技术,确定了锚杆/索预紧力、长度及选材的设计原则,该技术在现场取得了良好的应用效果。

摘要：Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)show great potential for applications in grid-scale energy storage,given their intrinsic safety,cost effectiveness,environmental friendliness,and impressive electrochemical ***,strong electrostatic interactions exist between zinc ions and host materials,and they hinder the development of advanced cathode materials for efficient,rapid,and stable Zn-ion *** and their derivatives possess a large interlayer spacing,excellent hydrophilicity,outstanding electronic conductivity,and high redox *** materials are considered“rising star”cathode candidates for *** comprehensive review discusses recent advances in MXenes as AZIB cathodes from the perspectives of crystal structure,Zn-storage mechanism,surface modification,interlayer engineering,and conductive network design to elucidate the correlations among their composition,structure,and electrochemical *** work also outlines the remaining challenges faced by MXenes for aqueous Zn-ion storage,such as the urgent need for improved toxic preparation methods,exploration of potential novel MXene cathodes,and suppression of layered MXene restacking upon cycling,and introduces the prospects of MXene-based cathode materials for high-performance AZIBs.