摘要：The presence of yeast cells could stimulate hydrogen utilization of acetogens and enhance acetogenesis. To understand the roles of acetogens in rumen fermentation, an in vitro rumen fermentation experiment was conducted with addition of acetogen strain （TWA4） and/or Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product （XP）. A 2×2 factorial design with two levels of TWA4 （0 or 2×10^7 cells/ml） and XP （0 or 2 g/L） was performed. Volatile fatty acids （VFAs） were increased （P〈0.05） in XP and TWA4XP, while methane was increased only in TWA4XP （P〈0.05）. The increase rate of microorganisms with formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, especially acetogens, was higher than that of methanogens under all treatments. Lachnospiraceae was predominant in all acetogen communities, but without close acetyI-CoA synthase （ACS） amino acid sequences from cultured isolates. Low-Acetitomaculum ruminis-like ACS was predominant in all acetogen communities, while four unique phylotypes in XP treatment were all amino acid identified Iow-Eubacterium limosum-like acetogens. It differs to XP treatment that more Iow-A. ruminis-like and less Iow- E. limosum-like sequences were identified in ＂I＇WA4 and TWA4XP treatments. Enhancing acetogenesis by supple- mentation with an acetogen strain and/or yeast cells may be an approach to mitigate methane, by targeting proper acetogens such as uncultured Iow-E. limosum-like acetogens.

摘要：Deinococcus radiodurans’high resistance to various stressors combined with its ability to utilize sustainable carbon sources makes it an attractive bacterial chassis for synthetic biology and industrial ***,to fully harness the capabilities of this microbe,further strain engineering and tool development are *** for creating seamless genome modifications are an essential part of the microbial genetic toolkit to enable strain ***,we report the development of the SLICER method,which can be used to create seamless gene deletions in *** process involves(a)integration of a seamless deletion cassette replacing a target gene,(b)introduction of the pSLICER plasmid to mediate cassette excision by I-SceI endonuclease cleavage and homologous recombination,and(c)curing of the helper *** demonstrate the utility of SLICER for creating multiple gene deletions in *** by sequentially targeting 5 putative restriction-modification system genes,recycling the same selective and screening markers for each subsequent *** we observed no significant increase in transformation efficiency for most of the knockout strains,we demonstrated SLICER as a promising method to create a fully restriction-minus strain to expand the synthetic biology applications of ***,including its potential as an in vivo DNA assembly platform.

摘要：设计和研制具有超灵敏、高精度、选择性好的免疫传感器对于疾病的早期诊断和筛查以及疾病治疗过程的监测具有十分重要的意义。其中,电化学免疫分析法和电化学发光(ECL)免疫分析法,由于具有稳定性好、灵敏度高、线性范围宽、可控性好等优点而备受关注,已成为当前的研究热点之一。金属有机框架(MOFs)作为一类新型的多孔晶体材料,由于其具有比表面积大、化学稳定性好、孔径和纳米级骨架结构可调节等优点,在电化学和ECL免疫传感器的制备中得到了广泛的应用。MOFs不仅可以作为固定生物识别分子的敏感平台,还可以用于富集痕量分析物和信号分子来放大分析信号,提高电化学或ECL免疫分析的灵敏度。目前,科研人员已合成各种各样具有不同性能和形貌的MOFs纳米材料,并用于开发高性能的电化学免疫传感器和ECL免疫传感器。本文综述了不同类型的基于MOFs纳米材料的电化学/ECL免疫传感器的制备及其在免疫分析中的检测应用。研究表明,MOFs不仅可以作为电极表面修饰的基底、信号探针(包括电活性标记分子和电化学发光发光标记探针)、催化活性标记物,还可以作为负载各种生物分子、纳米材料的载体,最终可用于灵敏的电化学和ECL检测。此外,本综述还讨论了未来发展功能化MOFs纳米材料的挑战和机遇,并为未来设计和制造基于MOFs的高性能免疫传感器提出了一些指导性意见。

摘要：智能电网是一个电力网络和通信网络耦合的物理信息电力系统(CPPS,cyber-physical power system),这种双域耦合的特性使得对其实时仿真成为难点。不同于现有基于软件同步的联合仿真方法,借助了FPGA的可编程计算能力和Jetson的实时操作系统,设计了基于FPGA-Jetson平台的智能电网硬件实时联合仿真架构,在FPGA板卡内进行电力系统仿真,在Jetson平台中完成信息通信系统仿真,利用PCIe数据通道模拟双域的信息交互。通过充分发掘各个模块的计算和数据传输能力,可以实现对“电网+通信网”双域联合的实时仿真。最后,针对广域AC-DC混合输电网和微电网两个典型智能电网场景设计了相应的实时仿真模型及参数,验证了所提实时联合仿真架构的可行性和可扩展性。

摘要：Fungi are nature’s recyclers,allowing for ecological nutrient cycling and,in turn,the continuation of life on *** fungi inhabit the human microbiome where they can provide health benefits,while others are opportunistic pathogens that can cause ***,members of the fungal kingdom,have been domesticated by humans for the production of beer,bread,and,recently,medicine and ***,the great untapped potential exists within the diverse fungal ***,many yeasts are intractable,preventing their use in biotechnology or in the development of novel treatments for pathogenic ***,as a first step for the domestication of new fungi,an efficient DNA delivery method needs to be ***,we report the creation of superior conjugative plasmids and demonstrate their transfer via conjugation from bacteria to 7 diverse yeast species including the emerging pathogen Candida *** create our superior plasmids,derivatives of the 57 kb conjugative plasmid pTA-Mob 2.0 were built using designed gene deletions and insertions,as well as some unintentional ***,a cluster mutation in the promoter of the conjugative gene traJ had the most significant effect on improving conjugation to *** addition,we created Golden Gate assembly-compatible plasmid derivatives that allow for the generation of custom plasmids to enable the rapid insertion of designer genetic ***,we demonstrated that designer conjugative plasmids harboring engineered restriction endonucleases can be used as a novel antifungal agent,with important applications for the development of next-generation antifungal therapeutics.

摘要：拉曼光谱分析技术可以在分子水平上研究物质分子结构和生化组成信息,具有快速、准确、无创(或低创)等优点,已成为临床早期癌症检测和组织病理生理分析的重要工具。近年来,激光技术、光纤探测器件和光电检测技术的发展,不仅极大促进了新型拉曼光谱分析仪器与技术的研发,更进一步扩展了其临床应用的广度和深度,彰显出其独特的科学内涵与应用价值。对临床拉曼光谱分析技术的理论基础进行了阐述,归纳总结了临床快速拉曼光谱分析集成系统设计思路。在此基础上,以作者相关研究工作为例,探讨了拉曼光谱分析技术在临床癌症早期检测与病理分析中的应用特点,为推动相关基础研究及技术创新提供有益参考。

摘要：This paper reports the reengineering of the assembly processes of printed circuit boards (PCBs) used in *** new designed assembly processes are quite different from the traditional ones,and the business performance is dramatically improved through establishing parallel workstations,off line workstation,merging workstations and organizing a small teamwork who cooperates in stations.“ITHINK”,a software package of business process reengineering (BPR),was used to analyze the current processes and create new *** is a powerful tool of BPR in modeling business processes,“soft” variables and conducting sensitivity *** new assembly processes were tested over a period of 8 hours *** results show that the new processes can increase throughput by 80% with only requiring less additional *** throughput can increase further by 17.5% when a small teamwork cooperates in some stations.

摘要：针对现代人对家居环境质量日益提高的要求,将离子风与地板送风相结合,构成一个新型的空气传输系统,其具有低噪音、低能耗、结构简单、适应性强等特点.应用计算流体力学软件CFX模拟了离子风发生装置内部的流场,得出了流场分布;运用正交试验分析各因素的影响,为离子风传输空气装置的结构设计提供了思路.

摘要：目的了解PICU住院期间死亡的严重感染患儿的死亡时机和特点。设计从虚拟儿科系统(virtualpediatricssystem,VPS,LLC)获得大型队列数据,分析其人口统计学,死亡时机,诊断和常用治疗方法数据,重点关注早期死亡(<1 d)患儿。场所前瞻性收集了北美130个PICU的临床记录。对象2009年1月至2014年12月间收治患儿,死亡时至少有1项感染相关诊断。干预措施无。测量方法与主要结果共分析106464名PICU住院患儿数据。死亡的4240(4%)名儿童年长于PICU存活患儿。死亡前PICU住院时间[中位数(四分位数间距)]为7.1(2.1,21.3)d,其中635名(15%)儿童早期死亡(PICU入院<1 d)。相比于晚期死亡患儿,早期死亡者年龄较大,更易患脓毒性休克,也更易接受心肺复苏(cardiopulmonaryresuscitation,CPR)。与晚期死亡患儿相比,早期死亡患儿放弃治疗可能性低。校正年龄、性别、脓毒症严重度、治疗方法(包括CPR,心、肺和肾支持)和每个PICU的入院次数后,本研究发现从急诊科、住院部或转诊医院收入的患儿早期死亡风险显著高于从手术室入院的患儿。结论合并严重感染的PICU住院患儿有较大比例早期死亡,并且在诊断、治疗措施和入院地点上不同于晚期死亡患儿。急诊科是危重患儿的主要来源。了解早期死亡患儿特点可能会为纳入早期死亡高风险患儿的临床试验提供患儿招募依据。

摘要：背景:对于与随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)有关的学术会议论文或期刊中发表的文章来说,清楚、明了、信息量充足的摘要是十分重要的,因为读者经常仅仅根据报告的摘要对一个临床试验作出评价。为此,我们需要对"临床试验报告的统一标准(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials,CONSORT)声明"进行扩充,制定一个期刊与学术会议论文摘要中报告RCT的必备条目清单。今后在任何期刊发表的论文或学术会议论文摘要中,作者对RCT结果的报告都要包含这些内容。方法与结果:我们根据现有的质量评价工具和基于经验的证据总结出一个条目清单。运用三轮修正式德尔菲法(modified-Delphi process)进行条目筛选。邀请共计109人参与电子网络调查,反馈率为61%。调查结果于2007年1月在加拿大蒙特贝罗举行的CONSORT小组会议中公布,与会的26人中有临床试验实施人员、统计学家、流行病学家以及生物医学编辑。经过讨论最终确定条目,随后对其进行修订以保证这些条目体现了会议期间以及会后的讨论思路。摘要CONSORT建议RCT报告的摘要需要有一个结构化的格式,其中应该包括具体的试验目的、试验设计(随机分配的方法、盲法或遮蔽等)、研究对象(对象描述、随机分组的样本量以及用于分析的样本量)、每组实施的干预、实施的干预对主要疗效结果的影响及其危害、试验结论、试验注册名称和编号以及资金来源。本文对每一条能够找到例子的纳入条目都配有良好报告范例、基本原理以及证据等,十分明了易懂,因此我们建议与清单同时使用。结论:摘要CONSORT旨在改善期刊与学术会议中发表的论文摘要的质量,这将有助于摘要提供详尽清晰的信息,这些信息能够帮助读者对试验的有效性和试验结果的适用性做出正确的评价。