摘要：The metallurgical properties of the CaO–SiO_(2)–Al_(2)O_(3)–4.6wt%Mg O–Fe_(2)O_(3)slag system,formed by the co-treatment process of spent automotive catalyst(SAC)and copper-bearing electroplating sludge(CBES),were studied systematically in this *** slag structure,melting temperature,and viscous characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,Fact Sage calculation,and viscosity *** results show that the increase of Fe_(2)O_(3)content(3.8wt%–16.6wt%),the mass ratio of CaO/SiO_(2)(m(CaO)/m(SiO_(2)),0.5–1.3),and the mass ratio of SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)(m(SiO_(2))/m(Al_(2)O_(3)),1.0–5.0)can promote the depolymerization of silicate network,and the presence of a large amount of Fe_(2)O_(3)in form of tetrahedral and octahedral units ensures the charge compensation of Al^(3+)ions and makes Al_(2)O_(3)only behave as an acid *** calculation and viscosity measurements show that with the increase of Fe_(2)O_(3)content,m(Ca O)/m(SiO_(2)),and m(SiO_(2))/m(Al_(2)O_(3)),the depolymerization of silicate network structure and low-melting-point phase transformation first occur within the slag,leading to the decrease in melting point and viscosity of the slag,while further increase causes the formation of high-melting-point phase and a resultant re-increase in viscosity and melting *** on experimental analysis,the preferred slag composition with low polymerization degree,viscosity,and melting point is as follows:Fe_(2)O_(3)content of 10.2wt%–13.4wt%,m(CaO)/m(SiO_(2))of 0.7–0.9 and m(SiO_(2))/m(Al_(2)O_(3))of 3.0–*** work provides a theoretical support for slag design in co-smelting process of SAC and CBES.

摘要：Metabolites play important roles in numerous cell biology processes,such as cell proliferation,differentiation,stress response,and cell death[1].Recently,lactate and lactate-derived lysine residue lactylation(Kla)have emerged as newly discovered epigenetic modifications that play critical roles in various physiological and pathological *** the history of lactate research,we can categorize the studies into three mile stones(Fig.S1 online).

摘要：本文设计并合成了一种新型喹喔啉类聚合物给体PBQ8,其在喹喔啉单元上具有正辛基侧链,与先前报道的PBQ5(异辛基侧链)具有相同的聚合物骨架结构.与PBQ5相比,PBQ8表现出更强的分子间相互作用和更好的分子堆积.当其与聚合物受体PY-IT共混时,基于PBQ8:PY-IT的全聚合物太阳能电池表现出远高于PBQ5:PY-IT器件效率,其能量转化效率为17.04%,这是目前全聚合物太阳能电池中的最高效率之一.结果表明,聚合物给体的侧链工程是进一步提高全聚合物太阳能电池光伏性能的有效途径.

摘要：传统工业上,合成氨反应往往在高温高压下进行,造成了大量的能源消耗.因此,有必要发展绿色可持续的新方法,从而在温和条件下实现氨气的高效合成.从原子分子层面上理解合成氨的微观反应过程有利于高效高选择性催化剂的开发.本文系统探究了在金红石TiO_(2)(110)模型体系表面氨气生成的微观反应过程.利用程序升温脱附谱技术,发现了在金红石TiO_(2)(110)表面共吸附氮原子和水分子之后,在升温过程中,氨气可以生成并在400 K左右从五配位Ti^(4+)位(Ti_(5c))上脱附出去,这表明在金红石TiO_(2)(110)表面氨气的确可以在低温下生成.结果表明,桥氧列上的羟基和Ti_(5c)位上的水分子均可以提供氨气生成所需的氢原子.氢原子在金红石TiO_(2)(110)表面的迁移在氨气的生成过程中扮演了重要作用,通过改变水分子的覆盖度,氢原子的迁移方式会随着水分子覆盖度的改变而发生变化.当水分子的覆盖度较低时,氢键网络在金红石TiO_(2)(110)表面上尚未建立,氢原子主要以直接跃迁的方式迁移侄氮原子附近,其对应的扩散能垒约为1 eV:随着水分子覆盖度的逐渐增加,氢键网络在金红石TiO_(2)(110)表面逐步建立起来,此时氢原子更倾向于在氢键网络的辅助下迁移至氮原子附近,其对应的扩散能垒仅为0.2~0.3 eV.此外,吸附在氮原子附近的水分子也有可能直接与氮原子发生反应生成氨气.因此,在金红石TiO_(2)(110)表面,氮原子可能存在三种不同的加氢过程.实验结果不仅有助于深入理解合成氨反应中的加氢过程,同时也对催化剂的设计和优化提供了一种新思路.

摘要：氧化锆(ZrO_(2))陶瓷具有出色的机械性能,但其应用受到低热导率(Thermal Conductivity,TC)的限制。本研究设计并通过微波烧结制备了高热导率氧化锆-氮化铝(AlN)复合陶瓷,优化制备条件后,抑制了两种物质之间的反应,获得了致密的复合陶瓷(相对密度>99%),详细研究了该复合陶瓷的组织演变、热学性能和力学性能。研究结果表明,随着AlN含量的增加,复合陶瓷的室温下热导率、热扩散系数和热容增加,分别达到41.3 W/(m·K)、15.2 mm^(2)/s和0.6 J/(g·K)。这种具有高热导率和抗热震性的ZrO_(2)-AlN复合复合陶瓷在能源系统的高温热交换材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。

摘要：基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一原理方法计算了四方相和立方相中2种不同的Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(LLZO)固体电解质材料的能带结构,晶格参数,态密度和成键特性。基于理论计算结果,通过电子结构特性解释了四面体相的离子电导率低于立方相的离子电导率的原因。基于LLZO的第一性原理计算,设计了2种晶体结构的LLZO材料,并通过高温固相法制备并分析了不同烧结时间的LLZO颗粒的性能。探索了合成工艺参数对Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)性能的影响。立方晶Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(C-LLZO)的平均晶格大小为a=b=c=1.302 246 nm,而四方Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(T-LLZO)的平均晶格大小为a=b=1.313 064 nm,c=1.266 024 nm。在1000℃下烧结12 h的C-LLZO为纯立方相,在室温(25℃)下最大离子电导率为9.8×10^(-5) S·cm^(-1)。T-LLZO在室温(25℃)下的离子电导率为5.96×10^(-8) S·cm^(-1),在800℃下烧结6 h具有纯的四方相结构,与计算结果基本吻合。

摘要：电化学CO_(2)还原反应(CO_(2)RR)的串联电催化策略是将CO_(2)到C_(2+)的多个步骤解耦为单独催化的CO_(2)到CO和CO到C_(2+)的两个步骤,以提高法拉第效率(FE).然而,由于CO从生成位点到反应位点的传质限制,这种策略对于C_(2+)的高速率生产仍然是挑战.本文设计了CuO/Ni单原子(SAs)串联催化剂,使得用于独立催化CO_(2)-到-CO和CO-到-C_(2+)的Ni和Cu的催化位点紧密相邻,能够原位产生和快速消耗***/Ni SAs串联催化剂实现了高C_(2+)的部分电流密度(1220.8 mA/cm^(2)),同时仍然保持了优异的C_(2+)FE(81.4%).

摘要：The ability to detect conspecific's distress is crucial for animal *** rodent models,observational fear(OF) occurs when one animal perceives another fear related negative emotions,which may model certain behaviors caused by witnessing traumatic experiences in *** cingulate cortex(ACC) has been showed to play a crucial role in ***,cellular and neural circuit basis relating to ACC governing OF is poorly ***,we used Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by a Designer Drug(DREADD) system to investigate the cell type specific circuit mechanism of ACC in ***,inhibitory hM4D(Gi) designer receptor together with clozapine N-oxide(CNO) injection was applied to inactivate ACC neurons in the observer *** found that,chemogenetic inhibition of ACC resulted in a decreased freezing response in the observer ***,combining PV-ires-Cre mice and Cre-dependent DREADD system,we selectively targeted the ACC parvalbumin(PV) interneurons with the excitatory hM3D(Gq) designer *** of ACC PV interneurons following CNO injection reduced freezing response in the observer mice,while had no effect on freezing response in the demonstrator ***,monosynaptic rabies retrograde tracing revealed that ACC PV interneurons receive inputs from the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus(MD) and the ventromedial thalamic nucleus(VM),both known for their roles in *** together,these findings reveal that ACC activation is important for OF,during which PV interneurons in ACC play an important regulatory *** function of ACC PV interneurons might contribute to the pathology of empathy-deficits related diseases,such as autism and schizophrenia.

摘要：载体上孤立的Pd原子作为乙炔半加氢反应的催化活性位点,由于具有独特的反应性和高效的金属利用率而备受关注.特别是在金属氧化物表面的不同位点掺杂Pd单原子,可以通过调节其局部配位环境来调控其电子和催化性能.本文采用密度泛函理论计算,研究了TiO_(2)负载Pd单原子的局域配位环境对Pd_(1)/TiO_(2)催化剂上乙炔半加氢反应的活性和选择性的影响.综合考虑反应活性和选择性,发现具有负电荷Pd^(δ-)位点的Pd_(1)Ti_(3)/TiO_(2)四原子单团簇催化剂展现出优异的催化性能.此外,活性和选择性与表面性质如d-带中心指数和表面功函数等密切相关.本文为未来设计可还原氧化物载体上的高效单团簇催化剂以用于类似的多相催化反应提供了理论参考.

摘要：In the present study, ultrasonic extraction technique(UET) is used to improve the yield of polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica(LJPs). And their antioxidative as well as glycosidase inhibitory activities are investigated. Box-Behnken design(BBD) combined with response surface methodology(RSM) is applied to optimize ultrasonic extraction for polysaccharides. The optimized conditions are obtained as extraction time at 54 min, ultrasonic power at 1050 W, extraction temperature at 80℃ and ratio of material to solvent at 1:50(g m L-1). Under these optimal ultrasonic extraction conditions, an actual experimental yield(5.75% ± 0.3%) is close to the predicted result(5.67%) with no significant difference(P > 0.05). Vitro antioxidative and glycosidase inhibitory activities tests indicate that the crude polysaccharides(LJP) and two major ethanol precipitated fractions(LJP1 and LJP2) are in a concentration-dependent manner. LJP2(30%-60% ethanol precipitated polysaccharides) possesses the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and moderate scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals(66.09% ± 2.19%, 3.0 mg m L-1). Also, the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase(59.08% ± 3.79%, 5.0 mg m L-1) is close to that of acarbose(63.99% ± 3.27%, 5.0 mg m L-1). LJP1(30% ethanol precipitated polysaccharides) exhibits the strongest scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals(99.80% ± 0.00%, 3.0 mgm L-1) and moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activity(47.76% ± 1.92%, 5.0 mg m L-1). LJP shows the most remarkable DPPH scavenging activity(66.20% ± 0.11%, 5.0 mg m L-1) but weakest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity(37.77% ± 1.30%, 5.0 mg m L-1). However, all these LJPs exert weak inhibitory effects against α-amylase. These results show that UET is an effective method for extracting bioactive polysaccharides from seaweed materials. LJP1 and LJP2 can be developed as a potential ingredient in hypoglycemic agents or functional food for the management of diabetes. This study provides scien