摘要：Objectives:In the hospital setting,poor dietary intake interacts with disease and represents a major and modifiable cause of *** barriers to adequate dietary intake is an important strategy to guide the development of interventions to improve nutrition *** aim of this study reported in this paper was to explore patient,family and health care professionals'perceptions of barriers to and enablers of adequate nutrition care and dietary intake of medical ***:An exploratory qualitative study design incorporating group and individual interviews of patients(n=14),their family members(n=4),and health care professionals(n=18)was *** were recruited pragmatically,using a mix of convenience and purposive sampling.A theoretically informed,semi-structured interview schedule was based on observations of practice and the Theoretical Domains *** were audio-recorded,transcribed verbatim and analysed inductively using a general inductive ***:Three key themes emerged from analysing participant *** approaches to nutrition care reflected the diverse range of health care professionals responsible for nutrition care but who often worked in isolation from their *** work priorities for nurses reflected the challenge in prioritise nutrition care which was often constrained because of other care needs or work-related *** patients to eat highlighted that nurses were often the only health care professional who would provide assistance to patients at mealtimes and lack of available staff could negatively influence patients'nutrition ***:We have identified many complex and interrelated barriers which preclude adequate dietary intake in acute medical *** predominantly reflect issues inherent in the hospital culture and ***-faceted and sustainable interventions that support a facilitating nutrition culture and multidiscip

摘要：目的指南建议脓毒性休克患儿复苏时,给予40~60mL/kg快速液体推注,但缺乏支持证据。本研究旨在确定一项比较脓毒性休克患儿早期肾上腺素输注和标准液体复苏效果的随机试验的可行性设计开放标签、平行随机对照、多中心先导研究。主要终点是可行性,探索性临床终点是28d内无器官功能障碍存活情况。场所澳大利亚昆士兰州的4家儿科急诊。

摘要：目的了解中国城市烟草广告、促销现状以及相关因素。方法在北京、上海、沈阳、长沙、广州和银川6个城市，采用累计概率比例抽样和简单随机抽样方法，对4815名18岁以上的吸烟者进行问卷调查。结果烟草广告覆盖吸烟人群最广的2种途径分别为广告牌（35．6％）、电视（34．4％）。商家最爱使用的促销手段是赠送礼品（23．1％），其次为赠送香烟（13．9％）。长沙市的吸烟者通过广告牌（Х^2=562．474，P〈0．001）以及电视（Х^2=265．570，P〈0．001）途径获取烟草广告的比例较高。长沙市吸烟者巾可看到烟草相关新闻的比例较高（Х^2=58．314，P〈0．001）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，生活所在城市及学历情况与“使想吸烟事物”的关注度有关。结论中国城市烟草制品广告及促销活动较为普遍，各地控烟法律法规执行效果不一，尽快完善并统一相关立法势在必行。

摘要：THE CREATION OF A NEW RESEARCH FIELD： FUNG＇S IDEA ON ENGINEERING TISSUESTissue engineering emerged three decades ago as a distinct research field with the goal to radically change the clinical practice by fabricating in vitro cell-biomaterial assemblies, bioartificial tissues, that could be used as biological tissue substitutes to restore, maintain or improve the functions of diseased or damaged tissues and to eventually solve the problem of organ shortage for transplantations.

摘要：It has been hypothesized that leaflet substrates with a trilayer structure and anisotropicmechanical properties could be useful for the production of functional and long-lasting tissue-engineered *** investigate the influence of the anisotropic structural and mechanical characteristics of a substrate on cells,in this study,we electrospun trilayer anisotropic fibrous substrates and randomly oriented isotropic fibrous substrates(used as controls)from polycaprolactone ***,the random substrates had higher radial and lower circumferential tensile properties than the trilayer substrates;however,they had similar flexural *** valvular interstitial cells cultured on both substrates produced random and trilayer cell-cultured constructs,*** trilayer cell-cultured constructs had more anisotropic mechanical properties,17%higher cellular proliferation,14%more extracellular matrix(i.e.,collagen and glycosaminoglycan)production,and superior gene and protein expression,suggesting that more cells were in a growth state in the trilayer constructs than in the random ***,the random and radial layers of the trilayer constructs had more vimentin,collagen,transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-ß1),transforming growth factor-beta 3(TGF-ß3)gene expression than in the circumferential layer of the *** study verifies that the differences in structural,tensile,and anisotropic properties of the trilayer and random substrates influence the characteristics of the cells and ECM in the constructs.

摘要：Presenilins(PSs)are the catalytic core of γ-secretase ***,the mechanism of FAD-associated PS mutations in AD pathogenesis still remains *** we review the general biology and mechanism of γ-secretase and focus on the catalytic components–presenilins and their biological functions and contributions to the AD *** functions of presenilins are divided into γ-secretase dependent and γ-secretase independent *** γ-secretase dependent functions of presenilins are exemplified by the sequential cleavages in the processing of APP and Notch;the γ-secretase independent functions of presenilins include stabilizing β-catenin in Wnt signaling pathway,regulating calcium homeostasis and their interaction with synaptic transmission.

摘要：Recirculation is prohibited in many coal mining countries because of the fear that the re-use of return air would allow the build-up of air contaminants at the workings. The incorrect design and location of a booster fan in any ventilation network can create unsafe condition due to recirculation. The current approach to investigating recirculation using simulation software requires manual effort which becomes tedious in a complex and a large network. An algorithm-based C++ program was designed to detect the recirculation in a booster fan ventilation networks. This program needed an input file prepared from output file generated by any ventilation simulator. This program created an output file for recirculation. This program demonstrated the strong capability to detect the recirculation in a sample network and a coal mine ventilation network. The outcomes of this program were documented in this paper.

摘要：Viral vector gene delivery is a promising technique for the therapeutic administra- tion of proteins to damaged tissue for the improvement of regeneration outcomes in various disease settings including brain and spinal cord injury, as well as autoimmune diseases. Though promising results have been demonstrated, limitations of viral vectors, including spread of the virus to distant sites, neutralization by the host immune system, and low transduction efficiencies have stimulated the investigation of biomaterials as gene delivery vehicles for improved protein expression at an injury site. Here, we show how N- fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl （Fmoc） self-assembling peptide （SAP） hydrogels, designed for tissue-specific central nervous system （CNS） applications via incorporation of the laminin peptide sequence isoleucine-lysine-valine-alanine- valine （IKVAV）, are effective as biocompatible, localized viral vector gene delivery vehicles in vivo. Through the addition of a C-terminal lysine （K） residue, we show that increased electrostatic interactions, provided by the additional amine side chain, allow effective immobilization of lentiviral vector particles, thereby limiting their activity exclusively to the site of injection and enabling focal gene delivery in vivo in a tissue-specific manner. When the C-terminal lysine was absent, no difference was observed between the number of transfected cells, the volume of tissue transfected, or the transfection efficiency with and without the Fmoc-SAP. Importantly, immobilization of the virus only affected transfection cell number and volume, with no impact observed on transfection efficiency. This hydrogel allows the sustained and targeted delivery of growth factors post injury. We have established Fmoc-SAPs as a versatile platform for enhanced biomaterial design for a range of tissue engineering applications.

摘要：三星时差定位是星载高精度无源定位的重要形式,需要深入研究三星编队构型设计来改善其高精度定位性能。从三星时差定位原理出发,推导了地理经纬度位置下的误差分析模型,提出了基于最小定位误差均方差下的最佳构型数学表达式,并分析了不同构型对误差均方差的敏感程度;讨论了在三星编队飞行中进行构型设计与保持的问题,并根据定位误差周期稳定性和一致性设计要求,基于轨道相对动力学方程,提出了一种卫星编队的设计;通过仿真研究表明,三星形成的三角形构型中,其两腰长对应地心角距低于约0.3°时或三角形趋于共线时定位性能敏感;固定腰长情况下等腰直角三角形星座构型具有最佳误差特性;提出的具体编队方案,在运行周期内具有定位误差小和误差特性的良好一致性,对工程设计应用具有重要意义。

摘要：Three-dimensional （3D） printing is a novel process used to manufacture bone tissue engineered scaffolds. This process allows for easy control of the architecture at the micro structure. However, the scaffold properties are typically limited in terms of cellular activity at the scaffold surface due to the printed materials properties. In this study, we developed a polycaprolactone （PCL） blended with polyethylene glycol （PEG） 3D printed scaffold using a rapid prototyping system. The manufactured scaffolds were then washed out to form small pores on the surface in order to improve the scaffolds hydrophilicity. We analyzed the resultant material by using Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM）, water absorption, water contact angle, in vitro WST-1, and the Bradford assay. Additionally, cells incubated on the fabricated scaffolds were visualized by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy （CLSM）. The developed scaffolds exhibited small pores on the strand surface which served to increase hydrophilicity as well as improve cellular proliferation and increase total protein content. Our findings suggest that the presence of small pores on the scaffolds can be used as an effective tool for improving implant cellular interaction. This research indicates that these modified scaffolds can be considered useful for bone tissue engineering applications to improve human health.