摘要：实施科学是一门研究方法的学科,旨在实践和政策中促进循证干预措施的系统实施,进而改善健康。尽管实施研究需要高质量的证据,但实施策略的随机试验往往存在较为严重的局限性。这些局限性包括存在偏倚风险、缺乏理论运用、缺乏描述实施策略标准术语、局限于实施结局以及不充分报告。本文旨在对实施策略随机试验的设计、实施和报告提供指导,以提升循证实施科学。由研究人员、卫生政策制订者和实践者组成的国际小组整合了构建随机试验方法的重要文献和实施科学的最新进展。本文为实施策略随机试验的主要内容提供指导,包括试验目的阐明、试验中人员招募和保留策略、随机设计的选择、实施科学理论和框架的使用、测量(结局指标)、样本量计算、伦理审查和试验报告。本文也关注了实施试验中需要特别重视或调整的主题。为了推进实施策略随机试验的严格开展和报告,我们建议将本指南作为研究人员、卫生保健和公共卫生政策制订者或实践者、研究资助者和期刊编辑的参考资料。

摘要：After nearly three decades of innovation in excimer laser,today we are presented with a state of the art generation targeting minimally invasive refractive surgery with high speed laser,faster trackers,pupil monitoring systems and better customization *** systems are capable of delivering better treatments with less induced postoperative high order *** results reported by many authors had confirmed the superiority in efficiency and safety profiles of this generation compared to previous ***,current technology is facing major challenges in the correction of high hyperopic errors and in presbyopic treatments,with upgrades in ablation centration and thermal control needed,which will ensure better biomechanical results,as a step closer to perfection in refractive surgery.

摘要：目的探讨影响吸烟者戒烟意愿的因素。方法分别在北京、沈阳、上海、长沙、广州和银川6个城市使用多阶段抽样法,每个城市各抽取800名成年吸烟者,采用入户调查的方式进行问卷调查。结果单因素分析显示,文化程度、既往戒烟经历、尼古丁依赖程度、个人健康评分、吸烟对健康造成的危害、担心吸烟对今后健康的影响、吸烟相关知识及态度、烟盒健康警语、控烟广告、周围吸烟人数、环境禁烟规定等因素与戒烟意愿有关(P<0.05)。多因素分析表明,戒烟意愿影响因素包括既往戒烟经历(OR=2.542,95%CI:1.932～3.344)、尼古丁依赖程度(OR=0.848,95%CI:0.785～0.917)、吸烟对健康造成的危害(OR=0.686,95%CI:0.498～0.945)、担心吸烟对今后健康的影响(OR=0.235,95%CI:0.160～0.345)、吸烟相关知识及态度(P<0.05)、控烟广告(P<0.05)。结论戒烟意愿与吸烟者自身及环境因素有关,应采取针对性的措施促进戒烟。

摘要：Ensuring a sufficient oxygen supply is pivotal for the success of bioprinting applications since it fosters tissue integration and natural *** in oxygen concentration among diverse tissues necessitates the precise recreation of tissue-specific oxygen levels in imprinted constructs to support the survival of targeted *** oxygen-releasing biomaterials,such as oxygen-generating microparticles(OMPs),have shown promise for enhancing the oxygen supply of microenvironments in injured tissues,whether this approach is scalable for large tissues and whether tissue-specific bioinks with varying OMP concentrations remain printable remain *** study addresses this critical gap by introducing an innovative class of engineered oxygenated bioinks that combine colloidal-based microgels with *** report that incorporating nanosized calcium peroxide(nCaO_(2))and manganese oxide nanosheets(nMnO_(2))into hydrophobic polymeric microparticles enables precise modulation of oxygen release while controlling hydrogen peroxide ***,the fabrication of oxygenating and cytocompatible colloidal gels is achieved using an aqueous two-phase *** study thoroughly evaluates the fundamental characteristics of the resulting bioink,including its rheological behaviors,printability,shape fidelity,mechanical properties,and oxygen release ***,this study demonstrates the macroscopic scalability and cytocompatibility of printed constructs produced via cell-laden oxygenating colloidal *** showcasing the effectiveness of extrusion-based bioprinting,this study underscores how it can be used to fabricate biomimetic tissues,indicating its potential for new *** findings presented here advance the bioprinting field by achieving scalability with both high cell viability and the possibility of mimicking specifically oxygenated *** work thereby offers a promising avenue for the development of functional tissues with e

摘要：The incidence of invasive fungal infections is increasing rapidly. Clinically available antifungal agents suffer from limited efficacy and severe resistance. There is an urgent need to discover antifungal lead compounds with novel chemical scaffold. On the basis of our previously identified tetrahydrocarbazole antifungal leads, the structure-activity relationship was further explored by modifying the scaffold and the side chains. Several targeted compounds showed potent activity against Candida species. Particularly, compound 13i showed better antifungal activity than the lead compound, which can be used as a good starting point for further optimization.

摘要：基于初级像差理论,将卡式系统与前端透镜组相结合,设计了一种可变远距离大功率激光聚焦光学系统。目标物体在500~5000m范围内变化时,通过调节前端透镜组到卡式系统的距离来改变焦面位置,实现对聚焦光斑大小的控制;通过透镜组的位置可反推出不同的目标距离。使用Zemax光学软件对初始结构进行优化,设计结果表明,在不同目标距离下,光斑大小均能满足设计指标要求。

摘要：为了提高加弹机温度控制系统(TCS)的控制精度和减小其设计复杂程度,提出了一种基于自校正比例-积分-微分(PID)控制技术的加弹机TCS实现方法.根据温控对象的结构特点以及工作环境,利用热力学原理建立了离散数学模型.通过极点配置方法设计了加弹机温控器自校正PID最小相位控制系统.利用递推最小二乘法进行了系统系数辨识,并引入遗忘因子以提高TCS的模型跟踪性能.实验以及工业现场应用表明,该方法设计和实现较为简单,能够满足加弹机TCS的多通道要求,温控偏差可以控制在±1%以下.

摘要：控制系统设计是工程设计的重要组成部分,通常根据经验进行设计。但是在某些情况下,采用这种方式设计的控制系统不能满足生产需要。以一个典型的化工尾气回收装置为例,在现场收集的实际生产数据基础上,利用软件Aspen Hysys对甲烷-氮气-氢气体系的低温精馏过程建立动态模型,考察现有控制系统在无干扰和有干扰(脉冲式波动)情况下的调节能力。根据计算结果分析,现有控制系统存在一定的局限性,于是提出将单回路反馈控制改为均匀串级控制的改进方案,并进行计算分析。结果表明:现有的控制系统会放大干扰对精馏塔的影响,造成生产系统再次稳定所需时间长、产物组成偏离设计值等问题;改进的控制策略有效地改善了系统应对脉冲式干扰的能力,大大增强了系统的鲁棒性。

摘要：数字化变电站普遍采用基于IEC 61850标准的通信网络,因此在数字化变电站实现继电保护远程校验具有技术上的可行性和经济上的必要性。文中提出了通过在间隔层设立专门的远程校验控制单元和改造合并单元,来实现继电保护远程校验的设计方案,并进行了模拟实验。最后,对继电保护远程校验的实际应用和步骤提出了建议。

摘要：A series of novel E-ring modified evodiamine derivatives were designed and synthesized as antitumor agents. Their capacity to interfere with the catalytic activity of topoisomerase Ⅰ and Ⅱ was evaluated by the relaxation assay. In vitro antitumor activity results revealed that compound 12 showed good antitumor activity with a broad spectrum. Its binding modes with topoisomerase Ⅰ and Ⅱ were clarified by molecular docking.