摘要：交通网络和通信网络在现代生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色,人们几乎每天都会接触到这两种网络,世界各国政府都在加强相关基础设施建设。然而单纯地增加基础设施,例如拓宽道路、增加带宽,并不能满足人们日益增长的需求;更重要的是优化管理,充分利用现有的资源提高这两种网络的运行效率,而提高它们运行效率的关键就是设计合理有效的路径策略。本文介绍了交通网络和通信网络的相同和不同之处,回顾了交通网络中用于指导车辆行驶的路径选择策略和用于指导行人通行的行走策略,以及通信网络的路由策略及算法。通过比较交通网络和通信网络,发现基于全局信息的策略均好于基于局部信息的策略。然而由于受到网络规模的限制,基于局部信息的路由策略更适合应用在通信网络上。基于全局信息的路径选择策略更适合应用在交通网络上。

摘要：Objective To silence the expression of α-synuclein in MN9D dopaminergic cells using vector mediated RNA interference （RNAi） and examined its effects on cell proliferation and viability. Methods We identified two 19-nucleotide stretches within the coding region of the α-synuclein gene and designed three sets of oligonucleotides to generate doublestranded （ds） oligos. The ds oligos were inserted into the pENTR^TM/Hl/TO vector and transfected into MN9D dopaminergic cells, α-Synuclein expression was detected by RT-PCR, real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry staining and Western blot. In addition, we measured cell proliferation using growth curves and cell viability by 3-（4, 5）-dimethylthiahiazo （-z-y 1）-3, 5-diphenytetrazoliumromide （M＇FF）. Results The mRNA and protein levels of α-synuclein gene were significantly down-regulated in pSH2/α-SYN-transfected cells compared with control MN9D and pSH/CON-transfected MN9D cells, while pSHI/α-SYN- transfected cells showed no significant difference. Silencing α-synuclein expression does not affect cell proliferation but may decrease cell viability. Conclusion Our results demonstrated pSH2/α-SYN is an effective small interfering RNA （siRNA） sequence and potent silencing of mouse α-synuclein expression in MN9D cells by vector-based RNAi, which provides the tools for studying the normal function of α-synuclein and examining its role in Parkinson＇s disease （PD） pathogenesis. α-Synuclein may be important for the viability of MN9D cells, and loss of α-synuclein may induce cell injury directly or indirectl

摘要：The past decade has witnessed a surge of interest in exploring emergent particles in condensed matter *** particles,emerged as excitations around exotic band degeneracy points,continue to be reported in real materials and artificially engineered systems,but so far,we do not have a complete picture on all possible types of particles that can be ***,via systematic symmetry analysis and modeling,we accomplish a complete list of all possible particles in time-reversal-invariant *** includes both spinful particles such as electron quasiparticles in solids,and spinless particles such as phonons or even excitations in electric-circuit and mechanical *** establish detailed correspondence between the particle,the symmetry condition,the effective model,and the topological *** obtained encyclopedia concludes the search for novel emergent particles and provides concrete guidance to achieve them in physical systems.

摘要：对人类健康和社会环境而言,汞离子被认为是毒性最大的金属离子之一。本文设计、合成了一种新型基于丹磺酰胺染料的荧光探针,并研究了其对金属阳离子的识别性质。研究结果表明:该荧光探针在水溶液中,对汞离子具有高度的选择性和良好的灵敏度,且不受其它金属阳离子的干扰。该探针对汞离子的检测限可以达到2.1×10-8 mol/L。该探针极低的检测限和良好的水溶性表明其可用于活细胞中检测汞离子。生物成像实验证实该探针具有良好的细胞膜透性和生物相容性。

摘要：自适应性网络环境将成为未来Internet的不可缺少的重要构成部分,基于生物网络中间件设计了自适应软件体系结构,然后设计了一种特殊的生物实体——调度生物实体,利用调度实体来指导生物实体的移动,以期获得生物网络的负载平衡。提出一种基于免疫遗传算法的调度算法,该算法以网络负载平衡为优化目标,使实体相对均衡地提供服务,达到合理利用生物网络资源,增强其自适应性的目的。最后,对网络服务使用进行仿真,实验结果证明了算法的有效性。

摘要：虚拟化技术在实时嵌入式系统中的应用日趋广泛,但是目前虚拟化环境中常见的调度与负载均衡算法并不适用于硬实时系统中。为满足多核平台上虚拟化环境中对实时任务的支持,通过对Xen虚拟化环境中的SEDF调度算法进行改进,提供了一种在多核硬件平台下虚拟化环境中的准入控制与负载均衡算法。该算法能够保证每个处理器核上的工作量不会超载,并保证每个虚拟机中任务的实时性及其服务质量。算法实现较为简单、运行时开销较小。

摘要：The research is designed to examine current teaching practices and perceptions of elementary and secondary school language teachers so as to inform the design of a large-scale project on AWE （Automated Writing Evaluation） application in the Chinese classroom. The data indicated that teachers were confident in their computer use and understood formative assessment notions and their role in technology-enhanced teaching and learning. However, concerns were raised on the writing rubrics interpretation, the pedagogy on integrating AWE into teaching, and the suitability of the whole English software to Chinese learners. Solutions and suggestions were discussed. Sample lesson plans, pedagogy training and technical support were considered necessary for the participating teachers.

摘要：本文通过热物质文化的概念探究了空气对建成环境的物质作用,主要考察了20世纪60年代至21世纪初新加坡公共住房中空调的引入如何影响氛围、身体以及一系列不同尺度的物体之间的热交换与能量流动。在此过程中,本文也试图对近期人文社科领域关于“气氛转变”的研究以及建筑史领域关于建筑、技术与环境的研究做出一定的贡献。

摘要：在分析多媒体基准测试程序Mediabench特征的基础上,以Imagine流处理器为例讨论了流体系结构对多媒体应用所提供的软硬件支持,并且利用流编程模型对多媒体应用中存在的流并行性进行了详细的剖析,最后通过对3个典型的多媒体应用进行流并行程序设计,在Imagine的时钟精确模拟器Isim上测试得到了多媒体应用在流体系结构上可以获得的加速性能。

摘要：Regulating chemical bonds to balance the adsorption and disassociation of water molecules on catalyst surfaces is crucial for overall water splitting in alkaline *** we report a facile strategy for designing Ni2W4C-W3C Janus structures with abundant Ni-W metallic bonds on surfaces through interfacial *** Ni atoms into the W3C crystals in reaction progress generates a new Ni2 W4C phase,making the inert W atoms in W3C be active sites in Ni2W4C for overall water *** Ni2W4CW3C/carbon nanofibers(Ni2 W4-W3C/CNFs)require overpotentials of 63 mV to reach 10 mA cm^-2 for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and 270 mV to reach 30 mA cm^-2 for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in alkaline electrolyte,*** utilized as both cathode and anode in alkaline solution for overall water splitting,cell voltages of 1.55 and 1.87 V are needed to reach 10 and 100 mA cm^-2,*** functional theory(DFT)results indicate that the strong interactions between Ni and W increase the local electronic states of W *** Ni2W4C provides active sites for cleaving H-OH bonds,and the W3C facilitates the combination of Hads intermediates into H2 *** in situ electrochemical-Raman results demonstrate that the strong absorption ability for hydroxyl and water molecules and further demonstrate that W atoms are the real active sites.