摘要：Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)show great potential for applications in grid-scale energy storage,given their intrinsic safety,cost effectiveness,environmental friendliness,and impressive electrochemical ***,strong electrostatic interactions exist between zinc ions and host materials,and they hinder the development of advanced cathode materials for efficient,rapid,and stable Zn-ion *** and their derivatives possess a large interlayer spacing,excellent hydrophilicity,outstanding electronic conductivity,and high redox *** materials are considered“rising star”cathode candidates for *** comprehensive review discusses recent advances in MXenes as AZIB cathodes from the perspectives of crystal structure,Zn-storage mechanism,surface modification,interlayer engineering,and conductive network design to elucidate the correlations among their composition,structure,and electrochemical *** work also outlines the remaining challenges faced by MXenes for aqueous Zn-ion storage,such as the urgent need for improved toxic preparation methods,exploration of potential novel MXene cathodes,and suppression of layered MXene restacking upon cycling,and introduces the prospects of MXene-based cathode materials for high-performance AZIBs.

摘要：Overview and research infrastructure As one of the leading laboratories in the interdisciplinary field of additive manufacturing and bio-3D printing,the Bio-Manufacturing Center at Tsinghua University is highly dedicated to conducting cutting-edge research in the emerging field of *** latter is comprised of research involving biomaterials,living cells,proteins,and/or other biological compounds as basic building blocks to fabricate biomimetic structures,in vitro functional biological models and/or cellular systems with application to tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,disease pathogenesis,drug screening,and tissue/organ-on-a-chip.

摘要：本文报道了一类兼具超长有机磷光(UOP)和强圆偏振发光(CPL)性质的蓝光轴手性材料.这类材料不仅具有极小的单重态(S1)-三重态(T1)能隙差(ΔE_(ST),0.03 eV),能够极大地促进系间窜越过程以产生更多的三重态激子,而且还具有超长的磷光衰减寿命(5.5 s).因此,这类材料在77 K下的2-MeTHF稀溶液中显示长达60 s的亮蓝色余辉.我们进一步提出了“激子沙漏”模型来描述内部的光物理过程和解释产生超长余辉的原因.此外,由于刚性的轴手性骨架,这类UOP材料还表现出强的CPL活性,尤其是将它们用作液晶材料的手性诱导剂时,能够获得0.34的g_(lum)值.本工作对于进一步设计兼具UOP和强CPL性质的新型纯有机分子材料具有重要的指导意义.

摘要：将具有高迁移率和强分子间作用的液晶小分子引入有机光伏器件活性层中被认为是一种提升光电转换效率的有效策略.不同于常规的认识,本文展示了“弱结晶材料同样能优化活性层形貌和提升光伏器件效率”的三元有机光伏器件调控新策略.本文设计合成了两个基于苯并二呋喃给体单元的液晶小分子Z1和Z2,发现具有无序堆积特性的Z2基三元有机光伏器件展现出了更高的光电转换效率(Z2:PM6:BTP-eC9,PCE:18.12%;Z2:PM6:Y6,PCE:17.66%)和更优异的器件稳定性.而基于高度有序的Z1的三元有机光伏器件却表现出明显降低的能量转换效率.光电器件和活性层薄膜形貌的协同表征说明Z2基三元体异质结薄膜的高光电效率主要归因于其更优的电荷传输效率和更合适的相分离尺度.该研究工作展示的有机光伏器件第三组分的调控新策略对新型高效光伏器件的制备具有重要的指导意义.

摘要：Allelopathic effects of submerged macrophytes against algae are affected by many environmental factors which can only be measured one by one by traditional methods. Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology was used to optimize three environmental factors(temperature, light intensity and total dissolved solids) of allelopathic effects of Potamogeton pectinatus against Microcystis aeruginosa at the same time. By solving the regression equation and analyzing the response surface contour plots, the optimal conditions of the relatively inhibitory rate of Microcystis aeruginosa were that the temperature was 23℃, the light intensity was 2,700,lx and the total dissolved solids were 4,415,mg/L. Under these conditions, the optimal value of relatively inhibitory rate of Microcystis aeruginosa was 81.9%. According to validation experiments, the results of analysis indicated that the experimental values fitted well with the predicted ones.

摘要：Urban stormwater runoff nearly discharges directly into bodies of water through gray infrastructure in China, such as sewers, impermeable ditches, and pump stations. As urban flooding, water shortage, and other environment problems become serious, integrated water environment management is becoming increasingly complex and challenging. At more than 200 ha, the Oriental Sun City community is a large retirement community located in the eastern side of beijing. During the beginning of its construction, the project faced a series of serious water environment crises such as eutrophication, flood risk, water shortage, and high maintenance costs. To address these issues, an integral storrnwater management master plan was developed based on the concept of low impact development （LID）. A large number of LID and green stormwater infrastructure （GSI） approaches were designed and applied in the community to replace traditional stormwater drainage systems completely. These approaches mainly included bioretention （which captured nearly 85th percentile volume of the annual runoff in the site, nearly 5.4 x 10^5 m3 annually）, swales （which functioned as a substitute for traditional stormwater pipes）, waterscapes, and stormwater wetlands. Finally, a stormwater system plan was proposed by integrating with the gray water system, landscape planning, an architectural master plan, and related consultations that supported the entire construction period. After more than 10 years of planning, designing, construction, and operation, Oriental Sun City has become one of the earliest modem large-scale LID communities in China. Moreover, the project not only addressed the crisis efficiently and effectively, but also yielded economic and ecological benefits.

摘要：Background Chronic kidney disease （CKD） is a common disorder associated with multiple adverse clinical consequences,especially cardiovascular risk and end-stage renal disease.A recent national survey demonstrated that CKD has become a leading health problem in *** is an urgent need to implement an in-depth investigation of the CKD burden and also to explore underlying mechanisms of CKD progression and it association with adverse *** The Chinese Cohort Study of Chronic Kidney Disease （C-STRIDE） is the first national CKD cohort in *** will enroll approximately 3 000 pre-dialysis CKD patients aged between 18 and 74 years and follow-up for at least 5 ***,anthropometric measures,laboratory tests,and biomaterials will be collected at baseline and *** principal clinical outcomes of the C-STRIDE consist of renal disease events,cardiovascular events,and *** on the longitudinal clinical data and biomaterials,the risk factors with CKD progression and other outcomes will be analyzed,and candidate markers and predicted models will be *** The C-STRIDE would provide important evidence for underlying mechanisms of CKD progression,valuable information for clinical guidelines,and healthcare policies in China.

摘要：The full-duplex(FD) based wireless communication devices,which are capable of concurrently transmitting and receiving signals with a single frequency band,suffer from a severe self-interference(SI) due to the large power difference between the devices' own transmission and the useful signal comes from the remote transmitters. To enable the practical FD devices to be implementable,the SI power must be sufficiently suppressed to the level of background noise power,making the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio(SINR) satisfy the decoding requirement. In this paper,the design and implementation of the duplexer for facilitating SI cancellation in FD based wireless communications are investigated,with a new type of duplexer(i.e. an improved directional coupler) designed for improving the spatial suppression of the SI power. Furthermore,the practical circuit boards are designed and verified for the proposed prototype,showing that the spatial suppression capability may be up to 36 d B(i.e. much higher than that attainable in the commonly designed ferrite circulator) by using the proposed design.

摘要：水平姿态检测在控制、测量领域发挥着重要作用。实现高精度实时动态检测载体水平姿态既是科技市场的实际需求更是科研工作的挑战,因此设计了高精度动态水平姿态传感器。它主要由微机械倾角传感器、微机械陀螺及其信号处理电路组成,以陀螺来补偿载体行进中带来的各种线加速度干扰,实现移动载体的水平姿态高精度检测。以高精度与实时动态检测为核心,介绍了该系统的总体方案设计,电源转换、敏感信号预处理与模数转换、信号处理及输出的硬件设计和软件处理基本方法,并在设计完成后组装调试。系统测试表明该水平姿态检测系统设计取得预期效果,满足高精度实时动态检测载体水平姿态的设计需求。

摘要：向双电层电容器的电解液中加入氧化还原活性添加剂是一种提升其能量密度的有效策略.添加剂的分子结构与其电化学性能密切相关,但目前添加剂"分子结构-电化学性能"的关系还不明确.因此,我们制备了一类适用于有机电解液的紫精基氧化还原添加剂,并研究了分子结构对其电化学行为的影响.研究发现,紫精分子的电化学性能与其侧链和共轭骨架密切相关:侧链影响其电子结构及其与电极孔道之间的匹配,进而影响其可逆容量;而更大的共轭骨架可以赋予紫精分子更小的带隙和更大的电子离域体系,从而提高其倍率性能和循环稳定性.结构优化的紫精分子添加剂可以使双电层电容器获得34.0 Wh kg^-1的高能量密度和优异的循环性能.