摘要：Diesel particulate matter （DPM） is considered to be carcinogenic after prolonged exposure. With more diesel- powered equipment used in underground mines, miners＇ exposure to DPM has become an increasing concern. This paper used computational fluid dynamics method to study the DPM dispersion in a dead-end entry with loading operation. The effects of different push-pull ventilation systems on DPM distribution were evaluated to improve the working conditions for underground miners. The four push-pull systems considered include： long push and short pull tubing; short push and long pull tubing, long push and curved pull tubing, and short push and curved pull tubing. A species transport model with buoyancy effect was used to examine the DPM dispersion pattern with unsteady state analysis. During the 200 s of loading operation, high DPM levels were identified in the face and dead-end entry regions. This study can be used for mining engineer as guidance to design and setup local ventilation, select DPM control strategies and for DPM annual training for underground miners.

摘要：能源和自然资源领域的决策会对公众健康造成影响。本文分析了该领域开展的健康影响评估(HIAs)的特点,并对其实施效果进行了评价。根据有针对性的文献搜索结果,截至2016年美国14个州在能源和自然资源领域总共完成了30次HIAs。本文选择了其中五个具有代表性的HIAs进行分析,这五个案例来源不同,所属部门和类别不同,但是都对决策过程产生过一定的影响。本文采用了一个既有的概念框架(即维斯马框架)来评估这五个选定的HIAs在不可再生能源、可再生能源、采矿和节能相关的决策方面起到的作用。能源和自然资源部门已开展的30次HIAs涉及各类项目,其中对健康影响的评估内容也很宽泛,从代谢紊乱到社区宜居性都有所涉猎。这30份报告中有8份已纳入环境影响评价的内容。本研究所选定的5个HIAs对项目决策都起到了一定的作用,并且提高了人们对被评估项目可能造成的健康影响的认识。这其中有4个还产生了直接的效果,最终导致了项目决策的变更。这些HIAs产生的不同效果不仅与社区参与的程度和对公平的考量有关,而且与HIA评估过程中细节的差异、监测和评估计划的差异,以及监测和评估的结果是否被公示有关。