摘要：Cancer is characterized by a high fatality rate,complex molecular mechanism,and costly *** microenvironment of a tumor consists of multiple biochemical cues and the interaction between tumor cells,stromal cells,and extracellular matrix plays a key role in tumor initiation,development,angiogenesis,invasion and *** better understand the biological features of tumor and reveal the critical factors of therapeutic treatments against cancer,it is of great significance to build in vitro tumor models that could recapitulate the stages of tumor progression and mimic tumor behaviors in vivo for efficient and patient-specific drug screening and biological *** conventional tissue engineering methods of constructing tumor models always fail to simulate the later stages of tumor development due to the lack of ability to build complex structures and angiogenesis potential,three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting techniques have gradually found its applications in tumor microenvironment modeling with accurate composition and well-organized spatial distribution of tumor-related cells and extracellular components in the past *** capabilities of building tumor models with a large range of scale,complex structures,multiple biomaterials and vascular network with high resolution and throughput make 3D bioprinting become a versatile platform in bio-manufacturing aswell as inmedical *** this review,wewill focus on 3D bioprinting strategies,design of bioinks,current 3D bioprinted tumor models in vitro classified with their structures and propose future perspectives.

摘要：The efficient and stable abatement of CO pollutant under ambient conditions is of great significance;however,it remains a formidable ***,we report the versatile application of wet oxidation over Fe(OH)x supported subnanometer Pt group metal(PGM)catalysts for the complete removal of CO under ambient temperature and humidity ***,the 1.8 wt%Rh/Fe(OH)x catalyst exhibited better durability during a^1400 min run for wet oxidation than for dry CO *** characterization results including HR-TEM,H2-TPR,and in-situ DRIFTS suggested that Fe(OH)x,with good reducibility,promoted by the subnanometer Rh clusters,provided sites for the adsorption and reaction of O2 and H2 O to form OH ***,these OH species reacted with the adsorbed CO on Rh sites with a considerably lower activation energy(9 kJ mol^-1)than that of dissociated 0 species(22 kJ mol^-1),thus rationalizing the outstanding performance of Rh/Fe(OH)x for wet *** experiments with other PGMs revealed a good generality for the application of wet oxidation in the efficient abatement of CO under humid conditions with Fe(OH)x as the support.

摘要：管道嵌入式建筑围护结构作为一种重质热激活建筑系统(TABS),由于其管道内嵌于建筑围护结构内部,故目前在既有建筑改造中应用较少.本文提出了管道嵌入式相变复合墙体(PEPCW)的概念,其主要利用基于宏观封装的嵌管式相变板代替传统嵌管夹层,并将嵌管夹层移至承重层外侧,为解决既有建筑改造中应用这一技术提供了创新解决思路.本文利用经实验验证的数学模型评估了PEPCW的夏季热性能和节能潜力,结果表明,复合墙体内表面温度和热流可分别降低1.1℃和9.9 W·m^(-2).参数化模拟结果表明,管道间距相比相变夹层厚度对复合墙体热性能影响更为明显,所研究条件下的管道间距和相变层厚度建议取值为300/30 mm.通过对三个不同气候分区的典型城市(即天津、南京和广州)开展的应用评估结果还表明,PEPCW在改善室内热舒适度方面可以取得令人满意的效果,尤其是在夏热冬暖地区.此外,应用PEPCW可显著降低太阳辐射吸收率对不同朝向墙体热负荷的影响,三个向阳朝向的指标下降幅度高于北面.综合来看,PEPCW在供冷季节表现出令人满意的热性能,有助于推动嵌管式建筑围护结构在既有建筑中的节能改造应用.