摘要：提出了一种基于同心离轴双反射系统的成像光谱仪，该系统由四片球面反射镜与一块平面光栅组成．在分析同心离轴双反射系统的基础上，结合像差理论与光程函数概念，推导了同心离轴双反射系统的像散公式，得到其消像散条件．消像散理论表明，将消像散的同心离轴双反射系统分别应用于成像光谱仪的准直光路与聚焦光路中，可以实现成像光谱仪全光路消像散．研究了准直光路与聚焦光路共心对称的成像光谱仪结构，给出了其通用设计算法．根据初始结构计算方法，设计了工作波段在远紫外（120～180nm）的成像光谱仪实例，给出了初始结构的点略图与像散曲线图，以验证消像散理论的正确性．结果表明，初始结构完全符合消像散理论．优化设计后的成像光谱仪光谱分辨率接近1．6nm，调制传递函数值全视场全波段在0．37以上，具有良好的成像质量．

摘要：By adopting the distributed problem-solving strategy, swarm intelligence algorithms have been successfully applied to many optimization problems that are difficult to deal with using traditional methods. At present, there are many well-implemented algorithms, such as particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithm, artificial bee colony algorithm, and ant colony optimization. These algorithms have already shown favorable performances. However, with the objects becoming increasingly complex, it is becoming gradually more difficult for these algorithms to meet human＇s demand in terms of accuracy and time. designing a new algorithm to seek better solutions for optimization problems is becoming increasingly essential. dolphins have many noteworthy biological characteristics and living habits such as echolocation, information exchanges, cooperation, and division of labor. Combining these biological characteristics and living habits with swarm intelligence and bringing them into optimization problems, we propose a brand new algorithm named the ‘dolphin swarm algorithm＇ in this paper. We also provide the definitions of the algorithm and specific descriptions of the four pivotal phases in the algorithm, which are the search phase, call phase, reception phase, and predation phase. Ten benchmark functions with different properties are tested using the dolphin swarm algorithm, particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithm, and artificial bee colony algorithm. The convergence rates and benchmark function results of these four algorithms are compared to testify the effect of the dolphin swarm algorithm. The results show that in most cases, the dolphin swarm algorithm performs better. The dolphin swarm algorithm possesses some great features, such as first-slow-then-fast convergence, periodic convergence, local-optimum-free, and no specific demand on benchmark functions. Moreover, the dolphin swarm algorithm is particularly appropriate to optimization problems, with more calls of

摘要：提出了一种基于二代镍基单晶(SX)高温合金γ′相尺寸变化统计分析的SX高温合金固溶热处理最佳时间的选择方法。通过数值分析引入了微观结构均匀性ω,根据数据统计ω曲线可分为3个阶段:显著变化区、过渡区和稳态区。过渡区描述了固溶热处理时间选择的最佳范围。通过测量合金的γ′筏化和蠕变性能,验证了该方法的有效性。同时也通过第四代镍基SX高温合金验证了该方法的准确性。该方法能够有效地建立最优的热处理工艺,并为SX高温合金的设计和工程应用提供指导。

摘要：designing bio-inspired flow fields holds great potential in improving the performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC).Two kinds of biological prototypes are widely used:plant prototype and animal *** remains a question which one of these prototypes is more appropriate for the scenario of ***,a comparative study was conducted to compare bionic flow fields based on animal and plant ***,a Corn Leaf Vein Mathematical Model(CLMM)was established by extracting structural parameters from corn leaves of two growth *** the obtained CLMM and well-known Murray’s law were employed to design bionic flow fields corresponding to the plant and animal prototypes,respectively,which have been subsequently compared by numerical *** results demonstrate that the flow field guided by Murray’s law outperforms the counterpart based on the structural parameters of CLMM in terms of PEMFC net output power,mass transport,water management and pressure drop,suggesting that animal circulation system is more suitable to the bionic flow field design of PEMFC than plant leaf *** work may also offer valuable insights into the design of other flow fields related to electrochemical energy conversion.

摘要：Surrounding rock control in the overlying protective coal seam is a challenging topic for de-stressed mining of multi-seamed *** research findings on roadway control were used in the design of a physical model of a complex textured roof having a varying *** model was used to study roadway instability and collapse caused by dynamic *** results show that when the thickness of the roof exceeds the bolted depth the roadway security is least and the roof has the greatest possibility for *** simulations were also carried out to study stress redistribution before and after roadway excavation during underlying protective seam *** evolution of roadway displacement and fracture,as affected by support methods,has been well studied.A series of support principles and technologies for mining affected roadways has been proposed after demonstration of successful practical application in the Huainan *** principles and technologies are of extended value to deep coal mining support in china.

摘要：随着阵列波导光栅(Arrayed Waveguide Grating,AWG)型器件在光通信系统中的大规模应用,对低成本AWG芯片的需求越来越多.在各种降成本方案中,减小AWG芯片的尺寸是最有效的方法之一.本文介绍了一种新型小尺寸低折射率差硅基二氧化硅AWG的设计.在该AWG中,输入波导/输出波导与平板波导连接的部分制作成两侧为空气槽的高折射率差波导,所以在与输出平板波导连接处的相邻输出波导间距较小,这样可以在设计上缩短平板波导的长度、减少阵列波导的数量,实现较小的AWG芯片尺寸.该AWG的其它部分,如输入/输出波导与光纤耦合的部分、阵列波导光栅等均采用常规的低折射率波导工艺,所以就同时具有与常规的低折射率波导AWG相同的优点:如低耦合损耗、较好的串扰以及光学特性等.根据这个原理,设计了一种40通道100GHz频率间隔的低折射率差硅基二氧化硅AWG,其芯片尺寸只有23.88mm×10.5mm,是传统相同材料制作的AWG尺寸的1/6.

摘要：利用InP基共振隧穿二极管(rTd)和加载硅透镜的片上天线设计实现了超过1 THz的振荡器。采用Silvaco软件对rTd模型进行仿真研究,分析了不同发射区掺杂浓度、势垒层厚度、隔离层厚度以及势阱层厚度等对器件直流特性的影响规律。对研制的rTd器件直流特性测试显示:峰值电流密度J_(p)为359.2 kA/cm^(2),谷值电流密度J_(v)为135.8 kA/cm^(2),峰谷电流比PVCr为2.64,理论计算得到的器件最大射频输出功率和振荡频率(f_(max))分别为1.71 mW和1.49 THz。利用透镜封装的形式对采用Bow-tie片上天线和rTd设计的太赫兹振荡器进行封装,测试得到振荡频率超过1 THz,输出功率为2.57μW,直流功耗为8.33 mW,是国内首次报道超过1 THz的振荡器。

摘要：Cold-stretched pressure vessels from austenitic stainless steels （ASS） are widely used for storage and transportation of liquefied gases, and have such advantages as thin wall and light weight. Fatigue is an important concern in these pressure vessels, which are subjected to alternative loads. Even though several codes and standards have guidelines on these pressure vessels, there are no relevant design methods on fatigue failure.

摘要：Supports are commonly implemented in the industrial application of heterogeneous catalysts to improve the stability and recyclability of *** supported catalysts often show the enhanced activity and selectivity in various catalytic ***,the specific contributions of electronic and steric effects to a catalytic system often remain elusive due to the lack of well-defined model *** this work,two types of uniform Pd nanocrystals covered by{111}facets in tetrahedral and octahedral shapes,respectively,are synthesized with identical chemical environment and loaded on Ti O_2supports to form hybrid structures(Pd{111}-Ti O_2)towards the application of formic acid *** observation suggests that the polarization effect at the interface of Pd-Ti O_2enhances its activity in formic acid ***,the Pd tetrahedrons-Ti O_2hybrid structure whose Pd{111}-Ti O_2interface possesses a larger angle shows higher catalytic activity,owing to the reduced steric effect as compared to Pd octahedrons-Ti O_*** study reveals the nature of interface effects in formic acid decomposition,and provides a guidance for the related catalyst design.

摘要：The stimulator of interferon genes(STING)shows promising clinical activity in infectious diseases and ***,the lack of targeting capability and intracellular stability of STING agonists severely limits the therapeutic ***,drug delivery systems(ddSs)overcome these delivery barriers of STING agonists via passive or active cell targeting,prolonged blood circulation and drug release,and lysosome escape,*** this review,we will describe in detail how existing ddSs are designed to overcome delivery barriers and activate the STING pathway,and the current biomedical applications of STING-activating ddSs in the treatments of infectious diseases and ***,the prospects and challenges of ddSs in STING activation are discussed.