摘要：The removal of phosphorus in metallurgical grade silicon （MG-Si） by water vapor carried with high purity argon was examined. The effect of the nozzle types, refining time, refining temperature, refining gas temperature and refining gas flow rate on the phosphorus removed was investigated by the self-designed gas blowing device. The optimal refining conditions are nozzle type of holes at bottom and side, refining time of 3 h, refining temperature of 1793 K, refining gas temperature of 373 K, refining gas flow rate of 2 L/min. Under these optimal conditions, the phosphorus content in MG-Si is reduced from 94×10^-6 initially to 11×10-6 （mass fraction）, which indicates that gas blowing refining is very effective to remove phosphorus in MG-Si.

摘要：复杂的超导量子电路可以用来设计对噪声免疫的量子比特,但其复杂性可能会超出经典计算机所具备的模拟能力.在这种情况下,可以借助量子计算机来对其进行高效的模拟.在这项工作中,作者展示了在基于transmon比特的量子计算机上,利用变分量子算法模拟一种超导量子电路,并且基于此设计了一种新的量子比特“Plasmonium”,它工作在等离子体跃迁区域.文中展示的Plasmonium量子比特展示出了较高的两比特门保真度99.58(3)%.相比于transmon比特,它具有更小的物理尺寸和更大的非谐性.这些特征使得Plasmonium可以成为制造多比特量子处理器强有力的候选者.这项研究结果证实了利用量子计算机辅助设计更先进的量子处理器的可能性.

摘要：The key to managing fracture is to achieve stable internal fixation,and currently,biologically and mechanically appropriate internal fixation devices are urgently *** excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance,titanium–niobium alloys have the potential to become a new generation of internal fixation materials for ***,the role and mechanism of titanium–niobium alloys on promoting fracture healing are still ***,in this study,we systematically evaluated the bone-enabling properties of Ti45Nb via in vivo and in vitro *** vitro,we found that Ti45Nb has an excellent ability to promote MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion and proliferation without obvious *** phosphatase(ALP)activity and alizarin red staining and semiquantitative analysis showed that Ti45Nb enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells compared to the Ti6Al4V *** the polymerase chain reaction experiment,the expression of osteogenic genes in the Ti45Nb group,such as ALP,osteopontin(OPN),osteocalcin(OCN),type 1 collagen(Col-1)and runt-related transcription factor-2(runx2),was significantly higher than that in the control ***,in the western blot experiment,the expression of osteogenic-related proteins in the Ti45Nb group was significantly increased,and the expression of PI3K–Akt-related proteins was also higher,which indicated that Ti45Nb might promote fracture healing by activating the PI3K–Akt signaling *** vivo,we found that Ti45Nb implants accelerated fracture healing compared to Ti6Al4V,and the biosafety of Ti45Nb was confirmed by histological ***,immunohistochemical staining confirmed that Ti45Nb may promote osteogenesis by upregulating the PI3K/Akt signaling *** study demonstrated that Ti45Nb exerts an excellent ability to promote fracture healing as well as enhance osteoblast differentiation by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,and its good biosafety has been confirmed

摘要：目的:在全球所有的合成树脂中,聚烯烃的产能位居榜首,在国民经济建设和社会发展中发挥着重要作用。但流化床聚合反应器内的高静电会引起颗粒团聚,一旦传热受阻,颗粒极易熔融结块,甚至导致装置爆聚停车。本研究旨在针对流化床聚合反应过程具有强放热、高静电、变粒径的特点,提出基于声发射技术的多种检测手段和信息提取方法。创新点:针对聚合过程的爆聚结块问题,本研究主要解决了以下难题:(1)流化床内颗粒和结块的原位表征技术缺失,难以检测;(2)颗粒熔融结块过程的在线干预机制不清楚,难以调控;(3)流动传热过程强耦合,反应器放大规律不明,导致反应器难放大等问题。方法:创立声发射信号的多尺度解析方法,通过小波分解和重标极差分析法分类重构将声发射信号分解为微尺度、介尺度和宏尺度信号;提出基于声发射检测的反应器操作优化技术,并通过建模确立流化床聚合反应器的时空产率数学模型。成果:新技术成功应用于"十一五"国家重点建设项目——天津百万吨乙烯工程相配套的年产30万吨气相法聚乙烯流化床反应器的设计建设。并且,新技术已成功应用于14套大型聚烯烃装置的设计或改造,所涉及的聚乙烯产能达263万吨。作者所在团队也因该技术发明获得了2016年度国家技术发明奖二等奖。

摘要：A mid-infrared carbon dioxide(CO_2) sensor is presented for the application in greenhouse environment. An integrated multi-pass gas chamber and a dual-channel differential detection method are adopted to decrease response time and suppress environmental influence, respectively. An optical module is developed using a cost-effective wideband mid-infrared light source, a dual-channel pyre electrical detector and a spherical mirror, and the moisture-proof function is specially designed for enabling the application of this sensor in greenhouse with high humidity. Experiments are carried out to evaluate the sensing performance on CO_2 concentration. According to the experimental results, the limit of detection(Lo d) is about 3×10^(-5) with an absorption length of 30 cm. The relative detection error is less than 5% within the measurement range of 3×10^(-5)—5×10^(-3). Based on 10 h long-term stability measurement on 5×10^(-4) and 2×10^(-3) standard CO_2 samples, the maximum fluctuations are 1.08% and 3.6%, respectively. By using a 2.4 GHz wireless network communication system for remote monitoring and data recording, a field measurement of this sensor in a greenhouse is conducted, and good performance is proven in such circumstance.

摘要：A real-life milk run system designing problem of an engine manufacturer adopted JIT(just-in-time)production is *** the process of milk run system planning and design,the supply base is identified and a supplier site map is plotted for an arrangement of routes on which parts are periodically collected in a JIT manner from many scattered *** unit load designing,vehicle choosing and fleet sizing,pickup routing,vehicle assigning and scheduling problems are *** these problems,a CVrP problem is identified and formulated as the key optimization in designing this milk run system,and it is solved through an optimization *** tactical planning and optimization process gives a good solution to the real problem,and may shed light on the planning of similar systems.

摘要：The high cost and low efficiency of fatigue tests are bottleneck problem for the anti-fatigue design of metallic *** this problem,a theoretical fatigue model is proposed in this study,the possible applications have also been *** results would be introduced in two serial papers,in which the first paper focuses on the model building and the applications on fatigue strength prediction;the second paper put emphasis on the influencing factors of the model parameters and the applications on fatigue strength *** this first paper,a theoretical model is proposed considering both the strength and plastic restrictions of fatigue *** the model builds up a brief relationship among yield strength(Y),tensile strength(T)and fatigue strength(F),it is named as the Y-T-F *** the verification with fatigue strength data covering various kinds of metallic materials and loading conditions,this Y-T-F model exhibits both generality and *** the Y-T-F model,the efficient fatigue strength prediction could be conducted by brief linear fitting and calculation,just through yield strength,tensile strength and several known fatigue strength ***,through its deduced Y-F model,the analytical formula of fatigue strength continuously changing with materials strengthening can be obtained,as well as the maximum value of fatigue strength and corresponding critical yield *** summary,the Y-T-F model would be useful for reducing the fatigue tests,thus providing new possibilities on the efficient anti-fatigue design and selection of metallic materials.

摘要：基于密度泛函理论(dFT)设计了一系列不同氧化程度的还原氧化石墨烯片(rGNOs)并研究了其表面的氧化缺陷与吸附的氢氧化镍(Ni(OH)2)之间的相互作用.结果发现,rGNOs表面的含氧基团与Ni(OH)2之间的吸附能与含氧基团的氧化程度相关.在吸附Ni(OH)2后,rGNOs的原子间距和电荷分布的变化也都受rGNOs表面的含氧缺陷的氧化程度影响.理论计算的结果与实验观察的结果一致并能给出合理的解释.我们用简单的恒电位电化学沉积法有效地在rGNOs表面制备了粒径只有5 nm的Ni(OH)2纳米粒子.在Ni(OH)2/rGNOs制备过程中,氧化石墨烯的电化学还原是关键步骤.Ni(OH)2上吸附的Ni(OH)2因具有更高的吸附能而使其与在镍膜表面直接吸附的Ni(OH)2(在5 mV·s-1下比电容为656 F·g-1)相比具有更高的比电容值(在5 mV·s-1下为1591 F·g-1).rGNOs在吸附Ni(OH)2后构型和电荷分布的变化导致Ni(OH)2具有更低的等效串联电阻和更佳的频率响应.Ni(OH)2/rGNOs优异的赝电容特性表明其有潜力成为新型赝电容器材料.

摘要：The structure stiffness of presses has great effects on the forming precision of workpieces, especially in near-net or net shape forming. Conventionally the stiffness specification of presses is empirically determined, resulting in poor designs with insufficient or over sufficient stiffness of press structures. In this paper, an approach for the structure design of hydraulic presses is proposed, which is forming-precision-driven and can make presses costeffective by lightweight optimization. The approach consists of five steps:(1)the determination of the press stiffness specification in terms of the forming precision requirement of workpieces;(2)the conceptual design of the press structures according to the stiffness and workspace specifications, and the structure configuration of the press;(3)the prototype design of the press structures by equivalently converting the conceptual design to prototypes;(4)the selection of key structure parameters by sensitivity analysis of the prototype design; and(5)the optimization of the prototype design. The approach is demonstrated and validated through a case study of the structure design of a 100 MN hydraulic press.

摘要：高熵合金近年来在电催化领域广受关注.由于其四大“核心效应”,即高熵效应、晶格畸变效应、迟滞扩散效应和鸡尾酒效应,高熵合金在诸多电催化反应中展现出了优异的活性和选择性.然而在已报道的文献综述中,有关其优异性能的理解以及合理设计的系统性总结仍然具有局限性.本文不仅综述了高熵合金电催化剂的特点和设计准则,还对其应用的最新进展进行了系统性的归纳整理,对高熵合金未来的发展具有指导意义.首先我们从多个角度阐明了高熵合金作为一种优异电催化剂的原因,包括其出色的机械性能、可优化的结构和组成、大量具有高本征活性的活性位点,以及出色的稳定性.为了进一步深入对高熵合金电催化剂的理解,我们还从设计准则、元素选择,以及理论计算预测材料性质等角度,详细介绍了高熵合金的合理设计.随后,我们介绍了高熵合金电催化剂在电解水、有机小分子氧化、燃料电池和碳/氮基转化反应的最新研究进展,其中还包括了一系列理论计算和原位表征在理解催化反应机理方面的应用.最后,我们展望了高熵合金电催化剂在未来发展中面临的挑战和机遇.