摘要：准二维钙钛矿表现出独特的光物理性质,这使它们成为激光技术潜在进步的优秀候选材料.高性能纳秒脉冲激光和放大自发发射(ASE)是实现连续波抽运光电泵浦激光器的关键工艺.然而,在纳秒脉冲激光泵浦下发展准二维钙钛矿ASE或激光仍然存在一些困难,包括表面缺陷浓度高、俄歇复合和能量传递效率低.本文通过无添加剂的Cs^(+)阳离子掺杂策略,可以很好地控制准二维钙钛矿膜的形貌和相分布,从而解决了低n相导致的能量传递途径不足的问题.本文通过快速的能量传递过程揭示了增益性质和载流子复合.基于此,掺杂适当比例Cs^(+)阳离子的PEA_(2)(FA_(0.7)Cs_(0.3))_(2)Pb_(3)Br_(10)钙钛矿膜的净增益系数比原始钙钛矿薄膜提高了近3倍,从而将纳秒激光激发下的放大自发发射阈值降低到1/3.研究结果表明,在准二维钙钛矿中掺杂Cs^(+)可为实现高性能激光器件的相位分布设计提供见解.

摘要：中国科学院近代物理研究所正在研发第四代ECR(电子回旋共振)离子源FECR(first 4th generation ECR ion source).以20 kW/45 GHz微波加热运行为目标,需要研制Nb_(3)Sn超导磁体以实现对所加热等离子体的有效磁场约束.作为首台采用Nb_(3)Sn超导磁体技术的ECR离子源,FECR的主磁场线圈由4套独立的轴向螺线管线圈与1套径向六极线圈所构成,且均采用单股Nb_(3)Sn线绕制而成,这给线圈的加工、冷体装配、磁体的失超保护等环节带来一系列挑战.为使磁体能在高场、高应力作用下安全稳定运行,项目采用基于铝壳体结构与bladder&key的预紧应力控制技术,完成了一套半尺寸冷体样机的研发.该样机已完成4.2 K低温测试.本项研究的核心关键问题与挑战是如何在复杂的高精度机械装配与高电流强磁场励磁过程中实现对易碎Nb_(3)Sn导线的有效保护.本篇文章中,我们将阐述如何设计、研制、装配及测试工作于复杂磁场与应力环境的高性能Nb_(3)Sn六极磁铁.针对于单个六极线圈的测试,我们设计研发了一种称为“Mirror”结构的测试工装.论文中会详细论述基于壳层结构与bladder&key的装配预紧技术在半尺寸样机上的应用效果.同时,论文对在半尺寸样机上观察到的强烈磁通跳跃现象和它对失超探测保护的严峻挑战问题及相关解决或规避方案进行相关论述.

摘要：具有生物力学和生化活性的敷料在伤口护理和皮肤组织再生中起着至关重要的作用.然而,机械失配和药物释放管理所涉及的问题限制了当前敷料的有效使用.在本工作中,我们报道了一种简单的策略,即采用聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)作为底物,通过嵌入不同尺寸的沸石咪唑酸盐框架(ZIF-8)种子,以推动具有均匀蜂窝结构的高柔性金属有机框架(MOF)复合膜的受控生长,用于药物负载和释放.以嵌入的种子为控制中心,形成的多孔膜具有约0.7-3μm的宽孔隙.这种可调节的微尺度孔与ZIF-8中的固有纳米孔不仅可以有效地提高抗炎类药物的负载(姜黄素,CCM),而且还能够快速并可控地释放药物,大大提高了抗菌活性,同时促进细胞生长.其中,在40 nm种子上生长的0.7μm多孔膜的表现优于其他蜂窝膜,与2μm多孔膜(相当于裸PVDF基质)相比,细胞增殖能力提高了约2倍,针对金黄色葡萄球菌(***)和大肠杆菌(***)的抗菌活性分别提高了5倍和2.4倍,是基底抗菌活性的5倍,这是因为这种最佳孔几何结构具有CCM和Zn2+释放特性的平衡效应.这种可控分层孔阵列膜的独特性质有望真正用于伤口愈合,同时也为生物医学设计提供了新的指导.

摘要：将细胞封装在生物材料中用于器官修复或疾病治疗是一个新兴领域.目前,微流控技术被用于精确控制封装细胞的数量、大小和支架结构.微流控技术提供了设计生物仿生形态的能力,增强封装细胞的活性和功能,从而提高疾病治疗的效果.本文报道了微流控技术在仿生细胞封装方面的最新进展.我们首先简要概述了各种天然衍生的促进细胞功能的仿生结构,如受到细胞、植物、动物和自然反应启发的结构;之后讨论了基于微技术的最新细胞封装方法,并详细描述了相关过程;最后提出了仿生细胞封装在疾病治疗和临床应用中面临的挑战和未来方向.

摘要：基于香豆素荧光团设计合成了一种光热剂(ECEI),其光热转换效率可达85.78%。此外,冷热循环的实验结果表明,ECEI具有良好的光稳定性。即使在线粒体膜电位受损的情况下,ECEI也能有效靶向线粒体,在激光照射下诱导癌细胞死亡。这使ECEI能够最大程度地破坏线粒体,从而抑制肿瘤细胞的繁殖。对小鼠肿瘤照射1次后,小鼠肿瘤在10 d内逐渐消失,这表明ECEI具有良好的肿瘤抑制效果。

摘要：石墨烯因其高载流子迁移率和宽光谱吸收范围而广泛应用于光电探测。然而,其低光吸收率导致的高暗电流严重限制了它的光电探测性能。钼基二硫族化合物(MoX_(2),X=S、Se和Te)具有高的吸收系数,能够弥补石墨烯基光电探测器中暗电流较高的劣势,因此基于石墨烯/MoX_(2)范德华异质结的光电探测器能够表现出优异的光电子特性。本综述首先回顾了光电探测器的工作原理、性能指标和结构。之后,从材料基础的角度突出了石墨烯/MoX_(2)范德华异质结光电探测器的重要性。接着,总结了石墨烯/MoX_(2)范德华异质结光电探测器的制备方法和性能增强策略。最后,强调了这类异质结光电探测器当前面临的挑战及未来的发展方向。本综述将为这类高性能范德华异质结光电探测器的设计提供一定的指导和参考。

摘要：The multiple quantum transitions within d-band correlation oxides such as rare-earth nickelates(RENiO_(3))triggered by critical temperatures and/or hydrogenation opened up a new paradigm for correlated electronics applications,*** electric field sensor,bio-sensor,and neuron synapse logical ***,these applications are obstructed by the present ineffectiveness in the thin film growth of the metastable RENiO_(3)with flexibly adjustable rare-earth compositions and electronic ***,we demonstrate a metal-organic decompositions(MOD)approach that can effectively grow metastable RENiO_(3)covering a large variety of the rare-earth composition without introducing any vacuum *** the previous chemical growths for RENiO_(3)relying on strict interfacial coherency that limit the film thickness,the MOD growth using reactive isooctanoate percussors is tolerant to lattice defects and therefore achieves comparable film thickness to vacuum *** indicated by positron annihilation spectroscopy,the RENiO_(3)grown by MOD exhibit large amount of lattice defects that improves their hydrogen incorporation amount and electron transfers,as demonstrated by the resonant nuclear reaction analysis and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure *** effectively enlarges the magnitude in the resistance regulations in particular for RENiO_(3)with lighter RE,shedding a light on the extrinsic regulation of the hydrogen induced quantum transitions for correlated oxides semiconductors kinetically via defect engineering.

摘要：The one-ladle technology requires an efficient ironmaking and steelmaking interface. The scheduling of the hot metal ladle in the steel plant determines the overall operational efficiency of the interface. Considering the strong uncertainties of real-world production environments, this work studies the dynamic scheduling problem of hot metal ladles and develops a data-driven three-layer approach to solve this problem. A dynamic scheduling optimization model of the hot metal ladle operation with a minimum average turnover time as the optimization objective is also constructed. Furthermore, the intelligent perception of industrial scenes and autonomous identification of disturbances, adaptive configuration of dynamic scheduling strategies, and real-time adjustment of schedules can be realized. The upper layer generates a demand-oriented prescheduling scheme for hot metal ladles. The middle layer adaptively adjusts this scheme to obtain an executable schedule according to the actual supply–demand relationship. In the lower layer, three types of dynamic scheduling strategies are designed according to the characteristics of the dynamic disturbance in the model:real-time flexible fine-tuning, local machine adjustment, and global rescheduling. Case test using 24 h production data on a certain day during the system operation of a steel plant shows that the method and system can effectively reduce the fluctuation and operation time of the hot metal ladle and improve the stability of the ironmaking and steelmaking interface production rhythm. The data-driven dynamic scheduling strategy is feasible and effective, and the proposed method can improve the operation efficiency of hot metal ladles.

摘要：Backgrou nd Dense titanium(Ti)fusion cages have been commonly used in transforaminal lumbar interbody ***,the stiffness mismatch between cages and adjacent bone endplates increases the risk of stress shielding and cage *** The current study presents a multiscale optimization approach for porous Ti fusion cage development,including microscale topology optimization based on homogenization theory that obtains a unit cell with prescribed mechanical properties,and macroscale topology optimization that determines the layout of framework structure over the porous cage while maintaining the desired *** biomechanical performance of the designed porous cage is assessed using numerical simulations of fusion *** laser melting is employed to assists with fabricating the designed porous structure and porous *** The simulations demonstrate that the designed porous cage increases the strain energy density of bone grafts and decreases the peak stress on bone *** mechanical and morphological discrepancies between the as-designed and fabricated porous structures are also *** From the perspective of biomechanics,it is demonstrated that the designed porous cage contributes to reducing the risk of stress shielding and cage *** optimization of processing parameters and post-treatments are required to fabricate the designed porous *** present multiscale optimization approach can be extended to the development of cages with other shapes or materials and further types of orthopedic implants.

摘要：Periosteum,a membrane covering the surface of the bone,plays an essential role in maintaining the function of bone tissue—and especially in providing nourishment and vascularization during the bone regeneration ***,most artificial periostea have relatively weak mechanical strength and a rapid degradation rate,and they lack integrated angiogenesis and osteogenesis *** this study,a bi-layer,biomimetic,artificial periosteum composed of a methacrylated gelatin–nano-hydroxyapatite(GelMA-nHA)cambium layer and a poly(N-acryloyl 2-lycine)(PACG)-GelMA-Mg^(2+)fibrous layer was fabricated via 3D *** GelMA-nHA layer is shown to undertake the function of improving osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with the sustainable release of Ca^(2+) from nHA *** hydrogen-bonding-strengthened P(ACG-GelMA-L)-Mg^(2+)hydrogel layer serves to protect the inner defect site and prolong degradation time(60 days)to match new bone ***,the released magnesium ion exhibits a prominent effect in regulating the polarization phenotype of macrophage cells into theM2 phenotype and thus promotes the angiogenesis of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells in *** bi-layer artificial periosteum was implanted into a critical-sized cranial bone defect in rats,and the 12-week post-operative outcomes demonstrate optimal new bone regeneration.