摘要：空心结构在能量转化和储存等重要应用方面,展现出了巨大的潜力.为了进一步提高性能,根据物质的组成和结构,合理设计出更复杂的空心结构材料是非常必要的,但目前仍然存在相当大的挑战.本文报导了一种以硅小球作为模板的高效方法,合成了新型的NiO@Co_3O_4空心多孔小球,其比表面积可达219.68 m2·***@Co_3O_4空心多孔小球的高比表面积有利于增强离子的扩散和提高活性物质的利用效率,并可防止纳米颗粒团聚.测试结果表明,在5 m V·s-1的扫描速度下,所制备的NiO@Co_3O_4空心多孔小球的比电容值达1140.9 F·g-1,同时具有良好的循环稳定性,显示出该材料在超级电容器领域有较好的应用前景.

摘要：Recently,the newly booming metal halide perovskites have attracted extensive attention worldwide due to their outstanding optoelectronic performance,and are expected to be ideal candidates for photodetectors(PDs).However,there is still lack of perovskite PDs-based imaging devices coming into commercialization stage,due to some practical reasons including toxicity brought by lead-based perovskites and the large light current *** this paper,for the first time we fabricate a lead-free Cs3Bi2Br9 perovskite PD,and build a prototype of this perovskite PD-based imaging system with diffuse reflection imaging ***,we propose a new parameter F related to light current fluctuation to evaluate imaging performance of a PD especially for weak diffuse light condition,and prove its usability by comparison of unoptimized lead-free Cs3Bi2Br9 perovskite PD and atomic layer deposition(ALD)optimized Cs3Bi2 Br9 ***-optimization can improve the quality of perovskite film and suppress the dark current and current ***,we obtain satisfactory diffuse reflection images of 2D and 3D objects with wide dynamic ***,the ALD-optimized Cs3Bi2Br9PD has addressed two major concerns about perovskite PDs-based imaging devices,that may extend application of perovskite materials and improve imaging quality.

摘要：Lignin is one of the most widespread organic compounds found on earth,boasting a wealth of aromatic *** use of lignin feedstock for biochemical productions is of great importance for achieving"carbon neutrality."In recent years,a strategy for lignin valorization known as the"bio-funnel"has been proposed as a means to generate a variety of commercially valuable chemicals from lignin-derived *** implementation of biocatalysis and metabolic engineering techniques has substantially advanced the biotransformation of depolymerized lignin into chemicals and materials within the supply *** this review,we present an overview of the latest advancements in microbial upcycling of depolymerized lignin into value-added ***,the review provides insights into the problems facing current biological lignin valorization while proposing further research directions to improve these technologies for the extensive accomplishment of the lignin upcycling.

摘要：Synergistic optimization of donor-acceptor blend morphologyis a hurdle in the path of realizing efficient non-fullerene small-molecule organic solar cells(NFSMOSCs)due to the anisotropic conjugated backbones of both donor and ***,developing a facile molecular design strategy to effectively regulate the crystalline properties of photoactive materials,and thus,enable the optimization of blend morphology is of vital *** this study,a new donor molecule B1,comprising phenyl-substituted benzodithiophene(BDT)central unit,exhibits strong interaction with the non-fullerene acceptor BO-4 Cl in comparison with its corresponding thiophene-substituted BDT-based material,*** a result,the B1 is affected and induced from an edgeon to a face-on orientation by the acceptor,while the BTR and the acceptor behave individually for the similar molecular orientation in pristine and blend films according to grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering *** means the donor-acceptor blend morphology is synergistically optimized in the B1 system,and the B1:BO-4 Cl-based devices achieve an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 15.3%,further certified to be 15.1%by the National Institute of Metrology,*** results demonstrate a simple and effective strategy to improve the crystalline properties of the donor molecule as well as synergistically optimize the morphology of the all-small-molecule system,leading to the high-performance NFSM-OSCs.

摘要：背景:CpG寡核苷酸是一种高效低毒的免疫佐剂,在许多疾病的基因治疗中具有广阔的应用价值,但存在种属和细胞特异性,细胞摄取率低,易被酶降解,成为临床应用的障碍。目的:拟验证CpG寡核苷酸通过CD40配体-受体载体系统对脐血B淋巴细胞特异靶向传递及其免疫效应的增强作用。设计、时间及地点:观察对比实验,于2004-04/2007-10在广州暨南大学附属第一医院血液科、儿科完成。材料:取健康新生儿的肝素抗凝新鲜脐血,事先征得父母知情同意并获医院伦理委员会审核批准。方法:制备CD40配体-碳二亚胺-多聚左旋赖氨酸-CpG寡核苷酸交联复合物,与脐血单个核细胞共培养。分别于24,48,72,96h应用流式细胞仪检测单个核细胞对FAM标记CpG寡核苷酸的摄取率及平均摄入强度;培养96h后用直接免疫荧光标记法标记CD19,CD20,CD22单抗,以流式细胞仪检测阳性表达率;细胞悬液加入96孔板,3组分别加入CD40配体-碳二亚胺-多聚左旋赖氨酸-CpG寡核苷酸、单纯CpG寡核苷酸及ddH2O,培养92h,以四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法测细胞增殖能力;以酶联免疫吸附法测以上3组细胞培养上清IgG水平。主要观察指标:单个核细胞对CpG寡核苷酸的摄取率及平均摄入强度,淋巴细胞亚群的表达,细胞增殖能力,培养上清IgG水平。结果:与单纯CpG寡核苷酸未交联组相比,单个核细胞对交联复合物摄取率更高(>98%),达摄取峰值时间更早。共培养后CD19+,CD22+,CD20+细胞表达升高,细胞增殖量及上清IgG水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:CD40配体-受体载体系统有助于CpG寡核苷酸特异高效的B细胞靶向投递,并增强其免疫效应。

摘要：背景:寻找能有效地克服外耳道重建术后再闭锁的方法。目的:观察镍钛记忆合金渡膜扩张支架预防外耳道重建后再闭锁的作用。设计、时间及地点:病例分析,2001-01/2003-06中山大学附属第三医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科病例资料。对象:选择外耳道闭锁患者8例,其中先天性闭锁5耳,3耳后天性外耳道闭锁。8耳均有不同程度的传导性听力下降。方法:外耳道成形术中,应用镍钛记忆合金渡膜支架扩张新建外耳道。主要观察指标:新建外耳道直径,术后纯音听阈。结果:8耳外耳道闭锁患者均获得宽大、光滑的外耳道,未见术后瘢痕挛缩和再闭锁现象;术后7耳纯音听阈提高。结论:镍钛记忆合金渡膜支架对于预防外耳道重建后再闭锁有一定的作用。

摘要：A perimeter traffic signal control strategy is proposed based on the macroscopic fundamental diagram theory(MFD)to solve the signal control problem in oversaturated ***,the MFD of a specific regional network can be derived using VSS IM simulation ***,the maximum number of cumulative vehicles that the network can accommodate is determined based on the ***,through monitoring the influx flow,the number of vehicles existing in and exiting from the network,a perimeter traffic control model is proposed to optimize the signal timing of the boundary ***,a virtual network simulation model is established and three different kinds o f traffic demand are loaded into the *** results show that a fer the strategy implementation,the number o f vehicles accumulating in the network can be kept near the optimal value,while the number o f both entering and exiting vehicles increases significantly and the road network can be maintained at a large ***,the queue length at the approach of the border intersections is reasonably controlled and vehicles entering and exiting the network can maintain a more efficient and stable *** network performance indices such as the average traffic delay and average number of stops can be improved to a certain degree,thus verifying the effectiveness and feasibility of the perimeter control strategy.

摘要：背景:核因子κB在转录水平调控着许多细胞因子、黏附因子的表达,在角膜移植排斥反应中可能起着中心调控作用。目的:观察核因子κB和细胞间黏附分子1、血管内皮生长因子在角膜植片中的动态表达规律以及环孢霉素A的干预作用。设计、时间及地点:随机对照动物实验,于2005-01/07在解放军第一军医大学珠江医院眼科完成。材料:选用健康清洁级SD大鼠40只及Wistar大鼠50只。随机分为3组:同基因移植组Wistar大鼠10只为供者,Wistar大鼠20只为受者;同种异体移植组Wistar大鼠10只为供者,SD大鼠20只为受者;同种异体移植+环孢霉素A治疗组Wistar大鼠10只为供者,SD大鼠20只为受者。方法:建立大鼠角膜移植模型,移植后所有受者术眼结膜下注射庆大霉素,隔日1次,每次2000U,共用3次;2.5g/L氯霉素眼液滴眼,2次/d,每次2滴,连续用18d。5g/L托品酰胺眼液滴眼,1次/d,每次2滴,连用1周。环孢霉素A治疗组移植后第1天开始用10g/L环孢霉素A眼液滴眼,3次/d,每次2滴,连续用18d。主要观察指标:各组移植后3,7,12,18d测定角膜移植排斥反应指数评分,并于各时间点观察角膜植片病理学变化,检测核因子κB与细胞间黏附分子1、血管内皮生长因子的表达。结果:在观察期18d内,同基因组未出现排斥反应,同种异体移植组在各时间点的排斥反应指数高于同基因移植组(P<0.05),而同种异体移植+环孢霉素A治疗组排斥反应指数低于同种异体移植组(P<0.05)。免疫组织化学结果显示:核因子κB与细胞间黏附分子1、血管内皮生长因子分布角膜上皮层、基质层及新生血管内皮细胞。各时间点,同种异体移植组角膜中核因子κB与细胞间黏附分子1、血管内皮生长因子的表达高于同基因移植组(P<0.05),而低于同种异体移植+环孢霉素A治疗组(P<0.05)。结论:环孢霉素A通过减弱核因子κB核转位和发挥活性,抑制受其调控的多种细胞因子、黏附分子等移植排斥相关因子的表达,从而抑制角膜移植排斥反应的发生发展。

摘要：Huge calculation burden and difficulty in convergence are the two central conundrums of nonlinear topology optimization(NTO).To this end,a multi-resolution nonlinear topology optimization(MR-NTO)method is proposed based on the multiresolution design strategy(MRDS)and the additive hyperelasticity technique(AHT),taking into account the geometric nonlinearity and material *** MR-NTO strategy is established in the framework of the solid isotropic material with penalization(SIMP)method,while the Neo-Hookean hyperelastic material model characterizes the material *** coarse analysis grid is employed for finite element(FE)calculation,and the fine material grid is applied to describe the material *** alleviate the convergence problem and reduce sensitivity calculation complexity,the software ANSYS coupled with AHT is utilized to perform the nonlinear FE calculation.A strategy for redistributing strain energy is proposed during the sensitivity analysis,i.e.,transforming the strain energy of the analysis element into that of the material element,including Neo-Hooken and second-order Yeoh *** examples highlight three distinct advantages of the proposed method,i.e.,it can(1)significantly improve the computational efficiency,(2)make up for the shortcoming that NTO based on AHT may have difficulty in convergence when solving the NTO problem,especially for 3D problems,(3)successfully cope with high-resolution 3D complex NTO problems on a personal computer.

摘要：本文主要介绍了华南理工大学(SCUT)在激光选区熔化(SLM)成型设备以及医用金属材料SLM成型的基础研究与应用的最新成果。首先,采用DiMetal-100设备研究316L不锈钢、CoCrMo与Ti6Al4V三种医用金属粉末SLM成型的工艺参数、微观组织和力学性能。其次,详细介绍了SLM成型316L不锈钢在个性化舌侧正畸托槽和手术导板的应用,SLM成型CoCrMo在膝关节假体和牙冠牙桥的应用,以及SLM成型Ti6Al4V在骨盆骨折接骨板和个性化颅骨修复体方面的研究成果。最后,介绍了SCUT在SLM技术方面的发展方向和研究计划,具体包括实现新型多孔结构的SLM直接成型、实现多种材料SLM一次成型、实现SLM与减材复合成型、增加SLM设备的负反馈系统以及开发陶瓷和新型金属的SLM成型工艺。总结:SCUT对SLM设备及其医学应用进行了长期深入的研究,研究了医用金属材料316L不锈钢、CoCrMo合金以及Ti6Al4V合金的SLM成型工艺和微观组织,获得了性能优异的零件。SCUT成功将SLM成型的316L不锈钢应用于舌侧正畸托槽和手术导板,将SLM成型的CoCrMo合金应用于膝关节假体和牙冠牙桥,以及将SLM成型的Ti6Al4V合金应用于个性化接骨板和颅骨多孔修复体。其中,舌侧正畸托槽和牙冠固定桥已经进入商业应用。目前,SCUT正在进一步开展面向植入体内部结构的设计和制造技术研究,同时开始对SLM多材料成型、SLM与切削复合成型进行研究,并逐步开展SLM设备负反馈系统的开发及陶瓷、锌合金、镍钛合金等SLM成型工艺的研究等。