摘要：An optic-fiber liquid-level sensor based on tapered chirped grating was proposed and demonstrated *** a properly designed column buoy hung to chain wheel,the liquid-level variation was converted to axial strain,which made the reflection spectrum of the tapered chirped grating narrowed or broadened *** a high-sensitive liquid-level sensor was obtained by monitoring the bandwidth variation of the tapered chirped *** with traditional absolute wavelength or power detection,this special monitoring technique based on bandwidth modulation makes the liquid-level sensor insensitive to spatially uniform temperature variations and power fluctuations from down-lead or light source.

摘要：Monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)are widely utilized as therapeutic drugs for various diseases,such as cancer,autoimmune diseases,and infectious *** the avian-derived B cell line DT40,we previously developed an antibody display technology,namely,the ADLib system,which rapidly generates antigen-specific ***,we report the development of a human version of the ADLib system and showcase the streamlined generation and optimization of functional human *** libraries were first constructed by replacing endogenous immunoglobulin genes with designed human *** these libraries,clones producing full-length human IgGs against distinct antigens can be isolated,as exemplified by the selection of antagonistic *** advantage of avian biology,effective affinity maturation was achieved in a straightforward manner by seamless diversification of the parental clones into secondary libraries followed by single-cell sorting,quickly affording mAbs with improved affinities and ***,we demonstrate that the human ADLib system could serve as an integrative platform with unique diversity for rapid de novo generation and optimization of therapeutic or diagnostic antibody ***,our results suggest that libraries can be constructed by introducing exogenous genes into DT40 cells,indicating that the ADLib system has the potential to be applied for the rapid and effective directed evolution and optimization of proteins in various fields beyond biomedicine.

摘要：针对继电保护装置中存在的有待改进的地方,提出了新型的设计思路。集成化保护和控制系统设计可有效改善保护和控制系统的性能,提高可靠性、耐用性以及容错功能。论述了容错型集成化控制系统依据N-1原则的实现方法,并对集成化设计中的特殊功能进行了具体探讨,如各组继电保护装置同步问题、自动闭锁和复原、高频自动关闭以及延时断路器保持,得到了较为理想的集成化保护和控制系统设计。

摘要：The structural design of equatorial diagnostic port plug for international thermonuclear experimental reactor （ITER） was discussed in this paper. The induced electromagnetic （EM） loads of port plug and blanket shielding module （BSM） were presented. The finite element analysis （FEA） and numerical calculation of the system were performed under the maximum loads. According to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers （ASME） criteria, the EM stress is far below the admissible failure boundary, which indicates that the system can resist the cooperative action of EM loads and device deadweight. The analysis could provide technical data and references for further analysis and optimized design of the system.

摘要：The article delves into the intellectual endeavors and contributions of David Riazanov in the realm of Marxist scholarship,particularly through his pivotal role at the Marx-Engels Institute(MEI)following the 1917 Bolshevik *** an early academic setback,Riazanov’s self-taught expertise in various disciplines laid a solid foundation for his contributions to ***’s tenure at the MEI was marked by significant projects aimed at collecting,editing,and publishing Marx and Engels’works,culminating in the comprehensive compilation *** advocacy for an authentic representation of original texts underscored his scholarly ***’s pre-revolutionary activities and his critical stance on Bolshevik policies highlighted his dedication to a broader socialist *** ideological differences and challenges,Riazanov’s efforts significantly advanced the understanding and dissemination of Marxist thought,underscoring the complex interplay between political activism and academic scholarship in the development of socialist ideology.

摘要：变构调节(allosteric regulation)是生物体内普遍存在的一种调控方式,是指小分子结合在空间上不同于活性位点的变构位点(allosteric site)扰动周围的残基并将信号传导至活性位点从而改变蛋白功能的现象。2009 年以来,上海交通大学医学院张健研究组开发了一系列变构药物设计方法,并将其应用于多个药物靶点,已获得多个原创性的候选药物。上述系列研究成果以“Allosteric methods and their applications:facilitating the discovery of allosteric drugs and theinvestigation of allosteric mechanisms”为题于2019 年1 月在线发表于国际著名学术期刊Acc Chem Res,详细阐述了过去10 年该研究组在变构机制和药物设计领域的工作。

摘要：As a novel zero-dimensional(0D)material,metal carbides and/or carbonitrides(MXenes)quantum dots(MQDs)show unique photoluminescence properties and excellent ***,due to the limited synthesis methods and research to date,many new features have yet to be ***,to explore their new properties and expand biological applications,chlorine and nitrogen co-doped Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene quantum dots(Cl,N-Ti_(3)C_(2)MQDs)were designed and synthesized,and their hydroxyl radical scavenging properties were investigated for the first time,revealing outstanding ***,N-Ti_(3)C_(2)MQDs was directly stripped from bulk Ti_(3)Al C_(2)by electrochemical etching,while N and Cl are successfully introduced to carbon skeleton and Ti boundaries in the etching process by electrochemical reactions between selected electrolytes and Ti_(3)C_(2)skeleton,*** obtained Cl,N-Ti_(3)C_(2)MQDs exhibit large surface-to-volume ratio due to small particle size(ca.3.45 nm)and excellent higher scavenging activity(93.3%)and lower usage(12.5μg/m L)towards hydroxyl radicals than the previous reported graphene-based *** underlying mechanism of scavenging activity was also studied based on the reduction experiment with potassium permanganate(KMnO_(4)).The reducing ability of the intrinsic Ti_(3)C_(2)structure and electron donation of double dopants are the main contributors to the outstanding scavenging activity.

摘要：Therapeutic proteins and peptides have revolutionized treatment for a number of diseases, and the expected increase in macromolecule-based therapies brings a new set of challenges for the pharmaceutics field. Due to their poor stability, large molecular weight, and poor transport properties,therapeutic proteins and peptides are predominantly limited to parenteral administration. The short serum half-lives typically require frequent injections to maintain an effective dose, and patient compliance is a growing issue as therapeutic protein treatments become more widely available. A number of studies have underscored the relationship of subcutaneous injections with patient non-adherence, estimating that over half of insulin-dependent adults intentionally skip injections. The development of oral formulations has the potential to address some issues associated with non-adherence including the interference with daily activities, embarrassment, and injection pain. Oral delivery can also help to eliminate the adverse effects and scar tissue buildup associated with repeated injections. However, there are several major challenges associated with oral delivery of proteins and peptides, such as the instability in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract, low permeability, and a narrow absorption window in the intestine. This review provides a detailed overview of the oral delivery route and associated challenges. Recent advances in formulation and drugdelivery technologies to enhance bioavailability are discussed, including the co-administration of compounds to alter conditions in the GI tract, the modification of the macromolecule physicochemical properties, and the use of improved targeted and controlled release carriers.

摘要：We present a systematic study of the effects of surfactants in the separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） by density gradient ultracentrifugation （DGU）. Through analysis of the buoyant densities, layer positions, and optical absorbance spectra of SWNT separations using the bile salt sodium deoxycholate （DOC） and the anionic salt sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS）, we clarify the roles and interactions of these two surfactants in yielding different DGU outcomes. The separation mechanism described here can also help in designing new DGU experiments by qualitatively predicting outcomes of different starting recipes, improving the efficacy of DGU and simplifying post-DGU fractionation.

摘要：Exploration of new infrared(IR) nonlinear optical(NLO) materials is still in urgency owing to the indispensable roles in optoelectronic devices, resource exploration, and long-distance laser communication. The formidable challenge is to balance the contradiction between wide band gaps and large second harmonic generation(SHG) effects in IR NLO materials. In the present work, we proposed new kinds of NLO active units, d^0 transition metal fluorooxofunctional groups for designing mid-IR NLO materials. By studying a series of d^0 transition metal oxyfluorides(TMOFs),the influences of fluorooxo-functional groups with different d^0 configuration cations on the band gap and SHG responses were explored. The results reveal that the fluorooxo-functional groups with different d^0 configuration cations can enlarge band gaps in mid-IR NLO materials. The first-principles calculations demonstrate that the nine alkali/alkaline earth metals d^0 TMOFs exhibit wide band gaps(all the band gaps >3.0 e V), large birefringence Δn(> 0.07), and two W/Mo TMOFs also exhibit large SHG responses. Moreover, by comparing with other fluorooxo-functional groups, it is found that introducing fluorine into building units is an effective way to enhance optical performance. These d^0 TMOFs with superior fluorooxo-functional groups represent a new exploration family of the mid-IR region, which sheds light on the design of mid-IR NLO materials possessing large band gap.