摘要：为拓展六足机器人的应用,提高六足机器人对工作环境的适应性及工作的灵活性,该文提出了一种基于并联腿的六足步行机器人结构。该步行机器人由2个6-UPU并联机构腿和6个足构成,每个足上各安装1个辅助腿,共有18个自由度,辅助腿可根据环境改变步行机器人身体的高度,增强了克服障碍物与环境的适应能力。首先,对该机构进行运动学分析,通过腿部6-UPU并联机构的运动学逆解求解,得到机器人运动过程中并联腿各分支的状态;其次,通过对人体行走规律的研究,根据运动学逆解的结果,设计了步行机器人的2种步态,分别为跨步行走步态和越障步态;之后,根据样机材质,在ADMAS环境下对六足机器人的模型组件增加质量,进行2种步态的行走仿真,跨步行走步态一个步态周期耗时23.734 2 s,步行机器人机体前进400 mm,平均行走速度为1 011.2 mm/min,而越障步态一个步态周期耗时18 s,步行机器人机体前进100 mm,平均行走速度为333.3 mm/min;最后,选用两片STM32芯片为核心处理器进行控制系统设计,两片STM32芯片分别进行数据采集与PID运算,二者间采用串口通信实现数据传输,跨步行走步态一个步态周期耗时24.85 s,步行机器人机体前进385 mm,平均行走速度为929.6 mm/min,而越障步态一个步态周期耗时20.8 s,步行机器人机体前进90 mm,平均行走速度为259.6 mm/min。试验表明:跨步行走步态下,完成一个步态周期内的耗时与平均行走速度的偏差分别为5%、8%,而在越障步态下,完成一个步态周期内的耗时与平均行走速度的偏差分别为13%、22%,绘制了2个平行腿移动平台中心点的规划轨迹和试验轨迹,试验轨迹在步行阶段,试验结果滞后于2种步态的模拟结果。其偏差可归结为试验样机中各电动缸自身特性、装配精度、部件的质量差异等因素的影响,但样机能够按照设定的步态完整设定的行走任务,从而验证了仿真分析的正确性。该研究为进一步研究六足并联腿步行机器人实现未知倾斜面或环境中的稳定行走提供了初步的实践依据。

摘要：Bone screws are devices used to fix implants or bones to ***,conventional screws are mechanically fixed with thread and often face long-term failure due to poor *** improve osseointegration,screws are evolving from solid and smooth to porous and *** manufacturing(AM)offers a high degree of manufacturing freedom,enabling the preparation of predesigned screws that are porous and *** paper provides an overview of the problems currently faced by bone screws:long-term loosening and screw ***,advances in osseointegrated screws are summarized hierarchically(sub-micro,micro,and macro).At the sub-microscale level,we describe surface-modification techniques for enhancing *** the micro level,we summarize the micro-design parameters that affect the mechanical and biological properties of porous osseointegrated screws,including porosity,pore size,and pore *** addition,we highlight three promising pore shapes:triply periodic minimal surface,auxetic structure with negative Poisson ratio,and the Voronoi *** the macro level,we outline the strategies of graded design,gradient design,and topology optimization design to improve the mechanical strength of porous osseointegrated ***,this paper outlines advances in AM technology for enhancing the mechanical properties of porous osseointegrated *** osseointegrated screws with hierarchical design are expected to provide excellent long-term fixation and the required mechanical strength.