摘要：碳材料通常用于太阳能水蒸发,因为它们可以吸收宽带光并有效地产生热量.然而,具有光滑表面的传统碳材料受到大约10%的中等反射的限制,损失了反射能量.在此,我们提出了一种多界面策略,以提高碳纳米纤维(CNFs)的固有光吸收,从而实现更高效的太阳能驱动水净化.通过简单的牺牲模板方法,在CNFs中引入分级孔来构建多个界面得到高表面粗糙度碳纳米纤维(HPCNFs).由于高表面粗糙度和源自分级孔的丰富内部空气介电界面,HPCNFs在宽带光(300–2500 nm)吸收显著改善,高达97.62%,这使得在1个太阳光照下的太阳光转换为蒸汽的效率达到96.13%,蒸发率高达1.78 kg m^(-2)h^(−1),超过了大多数相关的纯碳材料.当用于太阳能水蒸发脱盐时,HPCNF膜表现出对离子的高度排斥(<0.05 mg L^(−1)盐离子),并以每天11.18 kg m^(-2)的速率从湖中产生淡水,足以满足4–5个人的日常需求.这项工作为高效碳基太阳能水蒸发材料的设计提供了一种简便策略.

摘要：The walking creatures' athletic ability is related to their body' s musculoskeletal system.A kind of musculoskeletal body for quadruped robots is developed,which will be used to assist the leg mechanism to achieve spinning gait in order to improve the robot mobility in unstructured environment.A bionic-flexible-spine model driven by pneumatic artificial muscles(PAMs) is *** the body has the flexible property,the robot can achieve spinning gait quickly,which is similar to walking creatures by coordinated movement between body bending and legs *** kinematics of the bending of the musculoskeletal body and side-swing of leg mechanism of quadruped robot for spinning gait are *** to the stability analysis of spinning gait,the relationship between body bending angle and leg swing angle can be *** PID controller is designed to conduct the bending experiment,and the bending characteristic of the musculoskeletal body is *** results show that the biggest bending angle of the musculoskeletal body can reach 30°.

摘要：*** is an important phenomenon in nature and is involvedin all areas of the chemical *** andheterogeneous catalysis are key techniques in chemical *** development of efficient,stable,and environmentallyfriendly catalytic methods is receiving much attentionbecause of the increasing global shortage of energy and seriousenvironmental damage.A number of efforts have been made inthe past for designing rationally catalysts to achieve desirablecatalytic activities,selectivities,and stabilities for specific reactions[1].The current energy crisis is affecting economies inevery region,particularly in fossil‐oil‐consuming countries,because of rapidly decreasing available stocks,therefore biomassconversion to fuels and chemicals using various approaches,including thermal,biological,and chemocatalyticprocesses,is attracting great attention worldwide[2].

摘要：Dynamic modeling and active control of a strap-on launch vehicle are studied in this paper. In the dynamic modeling, the double-compatible free-interface modal synthesis method is used to establish dynamic model of the system, and its model precision is compared with those of finite element method(FEM), fixedinterface modal synthesis method and free-interface modal synthesis method. In the active control, the swing angle of rocket motor is used as design variable, and the control law design based on the model of mass center motion is adopted to validate the system. Simulation results indicate that the double-compatible model synthesis method can properly approximate the FEM which is used as the benchmark solution, and the model precision of the double-compatible modal synthesis method is obviously higher than those of the fixed-interface and freeinterface modal synthesis methods. Based on the control law design, the deflection of mass center of the launch vehicle is very small.

摘要：Developing novel electrode materials for li-thium-ion batteries （LIBs） with rapid charge/discharge cap- ability and high cycling stability remains a big challenge to date. Herein, we demonstrate the design and synthesis of ul- trathin MoS2 nanosheets in-situ grown on sponge-like carbon nanospheres by a simple diffusion-controiled process. The unique sponge-like carbon nanosphere core can be used as ＂reservoir＂ of electrolyte by adsorbing to shorten the ion- diffusion path, and meanwhile as ＂elastomer＂ to alleviate the structural change of the MoS2 nanosheets during the charge/ discharge processes. Furthermore, the vertical ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets with broadened interlayer space greatly enrich the electrochemical active sites. Consequently, the as-obtained MoS2/C nanospheres exhibit increased specific capacities at various rates with superior cycling stability compared to the MoS2/C floccules. It is reckoned that the present concept can be extended to other electrode materials for achieving high- rate and stable LIBs.

摘要：Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting for solar energy conversion into chemical fuels has attracted intense research *** semiconductor hematite(α-Fe_(2)O_(3)),with its earth abundance,chemical stability,and efficient light harvesting,stands out as a promising photoanode ***,its electron affinity is too deep for overall water splitting,requiring additional *** engineering has been used to reduce the onset potential of hematite *** we focus instead on energy band engineering hematite by shrinking the crystal lattice,and the water-splitting onset potential can be decreased from 1.14 to 0.61 V *** reversible hydrogen *** is the lowest record reported for a pristine hematite photoanode without surface modification.X-ray absorption spectroscopy and magnetic properties suggest the redistribution of 3d electrons in the as-synthesized grey hematite *** function theory studies herein show that the smaller-lattice-constant hematite benefits from raised energy bands,which accounts for the reduced onset potential.

摘要：Annular field aberrations of a three-reflection concentric system,which are composed of two spherical mirrors,are *** annular field with a high level of aberration correction exists near the position where the principal ray is perpendicular to the object-image *** are determined by the object height and aperture *** this letter,the general expression of the system aberration is derived using the geometric method,and the non-approximate design method is proposed to calculate the radii of the annular fields that have minimum aberrations under different aperture *** closer to 0.5（the ratio of the radius of convex mirror to the radius of concave mirror）is,the smaller the system aberration *** examples analyzed by LABVIEW indicate that the annular field designed by the proposed method has the smallest aberration in a given system.

摘要：The design and preparation of non-precious metal and carbon-based nanocomposites are critical to the development of efficient catalysts for technologies ranging from water splitting to fuel cell. Here, we present a constrained-volume self-assembly process for the one-step continuous precipitation-induced formation of soft colloidal particles, in which hydrophobic organoferrous compound,（Ph3P）2Fe（CO）3, is encapsulated within poly（styrene-co-acrylonitrile） nanoparticles（NPs）. The protective and confining polymer matrix ensures uniform carbonization and dispersion of（Ph3P）2Fe（CO）3 within a carbon matrix after a pyrolysis process. The obtained carbon NPs are successfully co-doped with Fe, P and N with a relatively high surface area of-380 m^2 g^（-1）. The Fe-P-N-doped carbon catalyst exhibits high catalytic performance and stability toward oxygen reduction reaction in both alkaline and acidic electrolytes via a favorable four-electron pathway. Meanwhile, the catalytic capability of Fe-P-N-doped carbon can be tailored by the tunable nanostructures.

摘要：Parametric modeling of the impeller which drove a small wind device was built by knowledge fusion ***2410 airfoil blade was created by KF *** technology of UG/KF secondary development for the automatic modeling of wind turbine blade,the program can read in the airfoil data files automatically and the impeller model entity can be generated *** order to modify the model,the aerodynamic characteristics of the impeller were analyzed for getting aerodynamic parameters by *** maximum force torch and best parameters of impeller were calculated.A physical prototype impeller was manufactured and the correctness of the design was verified,and the error of force torch between simulation and experimental results is about 10%.Parameterization design of the impeller model greatly improves the efficiency of modeling and flexibility of the CAD system.

摘要：The design of a tunable metal-coated long-period fiber grating （LPFG） filter based on the material dispersion consideration is presented. The tuning of the resonant wavelength can be achieved by heating the metal layer. Based on the coupled mode theory, the influences of the material dispersion on the transmission spectrum of the metalcoated LPFG are studied. There is a special grating period for a specific cladding mode; when the grating period is less than or equal to the special grating period, the material dispersion has weak influence on the resonant wavelength. Under such condition, the attenuation band depth corresponding to the specific cladding mode has excellent stability while the temperature changes, thus improving the filtering performances of the tunable loss filter. Further, experimental results demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed tunable filter.