摘要：Freeze drying has a deleterious effect on the viability of microorganisms. In front of this difficulty, the present study adopts response surface methodology to optimize the chemical compositions of protective agents to seek for maximum viability of Bifidobacterium longum BIOMA 5920 during freeze-drying. Through the compara- tive analysis of single protectant, the complex protective agents show better effect on the Bifidobacterium viability. Human-like collagen (HLC), trehalose and glycerol are confirmed as significant factors by Box-Behnken Design. The optimized formula for these three variables is tested as follows: HLC 1.23%, trehalose 11.50% and glycerol 4.65%. Under this formula, the viability is 88.23%, 39.67% higher in comparison to the control. The viable count is 1.07×10 9 cfu·g-1 , greatly exceeding the minimum viable count requirement (10 6 cfu·g-1 ).

摘要：Cultural characteristics of the traditional architectural environment and places of traditional cultural activities in Hanjiaxiang Village,an immigrant village of the Ming Dynasty located in the present Yuangong Township,Chenggu County of shaanxi Province,were studied to analyze influence of geographical environment,history and culture,and social environment on the village ***,cultural characteristics of traditional architectural environment in this village were elaborated from spatial layout,architectural structure,architectural style and village *** terms of places for traditional cultural activities,layouts and cultural characteristics of places for the clan's sacrifice and community's fire,traditional sacrifice activities,and local opera performances were *** this basis,cultural inheritance means for the protective renovation and construction of overall village spaces,village buildings,village landscapes and cultural characteristics were proposed.