摘要：Pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs/MAMPs) are recognized by plant pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)localized on the cell surface to activate immune *** PAMP-triggered immunity(PTI) confers resistance to a broad range of pathogenic microbes and,therefore,has a great potential for genetically engineering broad-spectrum resistance by transferring PRRs across plant *** effectors secreted by phytopathogens often directly target and inhibit key components of PTI signaling pathways via diverse biochemical *** some cases,plants have evolved to produce decoy proteins that mimic the direct virulence target,which senses the biochemical activities of pathogenic *** kind of perception traps the effectors of erroneous targeting and results in the activation of effector-triggered immunity(ETI) instead of suppressing *** mechanism suggests that artificially designed decoy proteins could be used to generate new recognition specificities in a particular *** this review,we summarize recent advances in research investigating PAMP recognition by PRRs and virulence effector surveillance by decoy *** expansion of recognition specificities,conferred by the transgenic expression of EF-Tu receptor(EFR) and AvrPphB susceptible 1(PBS1) decoys,has highlighted the considerable potential of PRRs and artificially designed decoys to expand plant resistance spectra and the need to further identify novel PRRs and decoys.

摘要：By introduction of a new Fe(L^(1))_(2)spin-crossover(SCO)unit into the polynuclear system,a nano-scale Fe4(L^(2))_(4)molecular square architecture is designed through coordination-directed self-assembly *** the mononuclear Fe(L^(1))_(2)and tetranuclear Fe4(L^(2))_(4)complexes have bee门structurally confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(ESI-TOF-MS),and temperature-dependent single crystal X-ray diffraction ***-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal the presence of an abrupt SCO behavior with a thermal hysteresis width of 4K for Fe(L^(1))_(2).By clear contrast,Fe4(L^(2))_(4)undergoes a gradual spin transition behavior with enlarged thermal hysteresis width and higher spin transition temperature.

摘要：Active-phase engineering is regularly utilized to tune the selectivity of metal nanoparticles （NPs） in heterogeneous catalysis. However, the lack of understanding of the active phase in electrocatalysis has hampered the development of efficient catalysts for CO2 electroreduction. Herein, we report the systematic engineering of active phases of Pd NPs, which are exploited to select reaction pathways for CO2 electroreduction. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, in situ attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations suggest that the formation of a hydrogen-adsorbed Pd surface on a mixture of the α- and β-phases of a palladium-hydride core （α＋β PdHx@PdHx） above -0.2 V （vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode） facilitates formate production via the HCOO intermediate, whereas the formation of a metallic Pd surface on the β-phase Pd hydride core （β PdHx@Pd） below -0.5 V promotes CO production via the COOH＂ intermediate. The main product, which is either formate or CO, can be selectively produced with high Faradaic efficiencies （〉90%） and mass activities in the potential window of 0.05 to -0.9 V with scalable application demonstration.

摘要：The formations of desiccation cracks and their pattems in drying droplets of protein solutions are studied experimentally. The solvent evaporation causes the dehydration self-organization phenomenon in colloidal droplets, followed by the formations of desiccation cracks. Two categories of highly ordered crack patterns, which we name ＂daisy＂ and ＂wavy-ring＂, are identified in the drying droplets. We explore the shifting of crack patterns from the ＂daisy＂ to the ＂wavy-ring＂ by varying the concentration of protein droplets. The results show that the concentration correlates with the pattern of deposition film directly, and modulates the periodicity of the crack pattern. We investigate the formations and periodicities of these two kinds of crack patterns, and obtain the scaling law of periodicity of the ＂wavy-ring＂ crack pattern. The relationship between the deposition pattern and the highly ordered crack patterns is also examined. This study will help in understanding the formation mechanisms of crack patterns in drying droplets of protein solutions and assist the future design of crack patterns in practical applications.

摘要：Regional climate models(RCMs)participating in the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment(CORDEX)have been widely used for providing detailed climate change information for specific regions under different emissions *** study assesses the effects of three common bias correction methods and two multi-model averaging methods in calibrating historical(1980−2005)temperature simulations over East ***(2006−49)temperature trends under the Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)4.5 and 8.5 scenarios are projected based on the optimal bias correction and ensemble averaging *** show the following:(1)The driving global climate model and RCMs can capture the spatial pattern of annual average temperature but with cold biases over most regions,especially in the Tibetan Plateau region.(2)All bias correction methods can significantly reduce the simulation *** quantile mapping method outperforms other bias correction methods in all RCMs,with a maximum relative decrease in root-mean-square error for five RCMs reaching 59.8%(HadGEM3-RA),63.2%(MM5),51.3%(RegCM),80.7%(YSU-RCM)and 62.0%(WRF).(3)The Bayesian model averaging(BMA)method outperforms the simple multi-model averaging(SMA)method in narrowing the uncertainty of bias-corrected *** the spatial correlation coefficient,the improvement rate of the BMA method ranges from 2%to 31%over the 10 subregions,when compared with individual RCMs.(4)For temperature projections,the warming is significant,ranging from 1.2°C to 3.5°C across the whole domain under the RCP8.5 scenario.(5)The quantile mapping method reduces the uncertainty over all subregions by between 66%and 94%.

摘要：Organic fluorophores are indispensible in chemical/biological imaging. The conjugated fluorescent molecules simultaneously possessing highly tunable emission, high quantum yield in solvents of different polarities, and large Stokes shift are quite rare. Herein, we report a new category of fluorophores based on diarylated thieno[3,4-b]thiophenes efficiently synthesized by direct C-H arylation reaction. TbT-Fluors showed full-color-tunable emissions with large Stokes shifts. Intriguingly,the fluorescence quantum yields of TbT-Fluors are barely sensitive to solvent polarities, approaching 100%. Based on photophysical and theoretical investigations, we found that the enhanced oscillator strength of the S_1-S_0 transition and increased T2-S1 energy difference can sufficiently compensate the negative effect from the decreased energy gap and increased reorganization energy in dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO). Bioimaging applications revealed that some TbT-Fluors can penetrate the cell membrane and are superior for imaging in terms of high photochemical stability and low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, TbT-PhF exhibits specific colocalization with mitochondria in living cells.

摘要：结合蓝色激光二极管和黄色荧光转换器制备的固态激光照明引起了人们极大的关注,但荧光转换材料的热猝灭效应显著影响了高功率激光照明的实现。通过组分设计和性能优化可以提高荧光转换器的热导率和发光均匀性。本工作采用固相反应烧结技术制备了一系列不同Al_(2)O_(3)含量的Al_(2)O_(3)-YAG:Ce复相陶瓷荧光体,研究了Al_(2)O_(3)含量对Al_(2)O_(3)-YAG:Ce陶瓷荧光体微观结构、相组成、光学性能和热学性能的影响。Al_(2)O_(3)-YAG:Ce陶瓷荧光体在800 nm处的总透过率随着Al_(2)O_(3)含量的增加(0→90%)而下降(82.6%→23.6%)。Al_(2)O_(3)-YAG:Ce陶瓷荧光体的激发和发射强度随Al_(2)O_(3)含量的增加先增大后减小。当Al_(2)O_(3)/Al_(2)O_(3)-YAG:Ce的质量比为70%时,陶瓷荧光体在室温下的热导率高达25.7W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),且表现出最高的发射强度。当采用功率密度为20W·mm^(-2)的蓝光二极管泵浦70%Al_(2)O_(3)-YAG:Ce复相陶瓷荧光体时,可获得3724lm的高光通量和239.4lm·W^(-1)的高流明效率。此外,当功率密度从1 W·mm^(-2)增大到20 W·mm^(-2)时,流明效率仅下降10.5%,光通量持续增加且未出现发光饱和。上述结果显示,Al_(2)O_(3)-YAG:Ce复相陶瓷荧光体具有良好的发光效率和热稳定性,将在高功率激光照明中具有广阔的应用前景。

摘要：High-entropy alloys(HEAs)have attracted tremendous attention owing to their controllable mechanical properties,whereas additive manufacturing(AM)is an efficient and flexible processing route for novel materials ***,a profound appraisal of the fundamental material physics behind the strengthening of AM-printed HEAs upon low/intermediate-temperature annealing is *** this work,Co CrFe Ni Mn HEAs have been prepared using laser-engineered net shaping(LENS)and subsequently annealed at different *** Co Cr Fe Ni Mn HEA annealed at intermediate-temperature(873 K)exhibits a strong strain hardening capability,resulting in ultimate strength of 725 MPa and plasticity of 22%.A ternary heterogeneous strengthening mechanism is proposed to explain this phenomenon,in which equiaxed grains,columnar grains,andσprecipitates play different roles during tensile *** resultant excellent strength and ductility can be ascribed to the heterostructure-induced *** equiaxed grains provide adequate grain boundaries(GBs),which induce dislocation plugging-up and entanglement;the columnar grains induce the onset and arrest of the dislocations for plastic deformation;and theσprecipitates hinder the movement of slip *** results provide new insights into overcoming the strength-ductility trade-off of LENS-printed HEAs with complex geometries.

摘要：The development of two highly reactive electrophilic trifluoromethylating reagents(trifluoromethyl)(4-nitrophenyl)bis(carbometh-oxy)methylide(1g)and(trifluoromethyl)(3-chlorophenyl)bis(carbomethoxy)methylide(1j)through structure-activity study was *** mild conditions,reagent 1g reacted with β-ketoesters and silyl enol ethers to give α-trifluoromethylated-β-ketoesters or α-trifluoromethylated ketones in high *** addition,reagent 1g could serve as a trifluoromethyl radical for a variety of trifluo-romethylative transformations under visible light irradiation,including radical trifluoromethylation of electron-rich indoles and pyrroles and sodium aryl sulfinates as well as trifluoromethylative difunctionalization with styrene *** the other hand,as a complimentary,under reductive coupling conditions,reagent 1j reacted with a variety of(hetero)aryl iodides for the formation of tri-fluoromethylated(hetero)arenes.

摘要：A three-layered phosphor structure was designed and prepared by the spin coating of BaSi_(2)N_(2)O_(2):Eu(cyan-emitting)and(Sr,Ca)AlSiN_(3):Eu(red-emitting)phosphor films on the yellowemitting Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12):Ce(YAG:Ce)phosphor ceramic synthesized by the solid-state reaction under vacuum *** order to achieve high color rendering lighting,the influence of the composition and structure of the three-layered phosphors on the optical,thermal,and electrical properties of the chip-on-board(COB)packaged white-light-emitting diodes(WLEDs)was studied *** WLED with the structure of“red+cyan+yellow”(R+C+Y)three-layered phosphor generated neutral white light and had a luminous efficacy of 75 lm/W,the fidelity index(R_(f))of 93,the gamut index(R_(g))of 97,and the correlated color temperature(CCT)of 3852 *** the excitation of laser diode(LD),the layer-structured phosphor yielded the white light with a luminous efficacy of 120 lm/W,color rendering index(CRI)of 90,and CCT of 5988 *** result indicates that the three-layered phosphor structure is a promising candidate to achieve high color rendering and high luminous efficacy lighting.