摘要：植物寄生线虫可能对全球农作物造成严重的危害。本研究设计合成了15个未见文献报道的4,5,5-三氟戊-4-烯酰胺衍生物,并测定了它们的离体活性和在沙土中的活体杀线虫活性,且进一步研究了沙土活体活性较好的化合物在基质中的活体杀线虫活性。离体测试结果表明:部分目标化合物表现出较好的杀线虫活性,其中含呋喃环的化合物B 8对南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita和松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus均表现出优异的杀线虫活性,LC50/72 h值分别为1.22 mg/L和0.53 mg/L。此外,在沙土活体活性测试中,大部分化合物在40 mg/L时对南方根结线虫具有100%的抑制作用,其中含苯并噻唑环的化合物B10的活性最好,在2.5 mg/L时抑制率为66.0%。在基质中的活体活性测试结果表明,含噻吩环的化合物B6活性最好,在5 mg/L时对南方根结线虫的抑制率为31.0%。初步的构效关系分析显示,含无取代五元环如噻吩、呋喃和噻唑的化合物的活性优于含大体积的六元环或稠环的化合物。

摘要：Nature has created innumerable life forms with miraculous hierarchical structures and morphologies that are optimized for different life events through evolution over billions of *** cubic structures,which are often described by triply periodic minimal surfaces(TPMSs)and their constant mean curvature(CMC)/parallel surface companions,are of special interest to various research fields because of their complex form with unique physical *** has prompted the scientific community to fully understand the formation,structure,and properties of these *** this review,we summarize and discuss the formation mechanism and relationships of the relevant biological structures and the artificial self-assembly *** structures can be formed through biological processes with amazing regulation across a great length scales;nevertheless,artificial construction normally produces the structure corresponding to the molecular size and ***,the block copolymeric system is considered to be an applicable and attractive model system for the study of biological systems due to their versatile design and rich phase *** of the phenomena found in these two systems are compared and discussed,and this information may provide new ideas for a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between molecular shape and resulting interface curvature and the selfassembly process in living *** argue that the copolymeric system may serve as a model to understand these biological systems and could encourage additional studies of artificial self-assembly and the creation of new functional materials.

摘要：As one of the most promising next-generation energy storage devices,the lithium-metal battery has been extensively ***,safety issues and undesired lithium dendrite growth hinder its *** application of solid-state electrolytes has attracted increasing attention as they can solve safety issues and show great potential to inhibit the growth of lithium *** oxide(PEO)-based electrolytes are very promising due to their enhanced safety and excellent ***,they suffer from low ionic conductivity at room temperature and cannot effectively inhibit lithium dendrites at high temperatures due to the intrinsic semicrystalline properties and poor mechanical *** this work,a novel coral-like Li_(6.25)Al_(0.25)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(C-LALZO)is synthesized to serve as an active ceramic filler in *** PEO with LALZO coral(PLC)exhibits increased ionic conductivity and mechanical strength,which leads to uniform deposition/stripping of lithium *** Li symmetric cells with PLC do not cause a short circuit after cycling for 1500 h at 60℃.The assembled LiFePO_(4)/PLC/Li batteries display excellent cycling stability at both 60 and 50℃.This work reveals that the electrochemical properties of the composite electrolyte can be effectively improved by tuning the microstructure of the filler,such as the C-LALZO architecture.

摘要：Information storage and corresponding encryption/decryption are highly important owing to the prevalence of counterfeit activities and information leakage in the current age. Herein, we propose a novel method to store information via controllable ionoprinting onto fluorescent hydrogel for hierarchical and multi-dimensional *** incorporating pyrene moieties and carboxylic groups into polymeric hydrogel network, fluorescence changing and controllable shape deformation behaviors could be achieved and integrated by ionoprinting of Fe3+ions. The diffusion of Fe^3+ions into fluorescent hydrogel can quench the fluorescence of pyrene moieties, and chelate with carboxylic groups to generate anisotropic structures for shape deformation simultaneously. Thus, fluorescence quenching-based 2D information and actuation-based 3D information could be hierarchically decrypted when exposed to UV light and being put into water, respectively. Importantly, the stored information could be erased by replacing Fe^3+with H^+, which allows the fluorescent hydrogel as a recyclable information storage material. This work may provide new insights in designing and fabricating novel soft devices for hierarchical and multidimensional information encryption, against the rising problems of counterfeiting and confidential information disclosure.

摘要：The ever-decreasing size of transistors requires effectively electrostatic control over ultra-thin semiconductor *** design of the gate configuration can fully persevere the intrinsic property of two-dimensional(2 D)*** we design and demonstrate a 2 D Mo S_(2) transistor with omega-shaped gate,in which the local gate coupling is enhanced by the non-planar *** omega-shaped non-planar transistors exhibit a high current of 0.89 A/lm and transconductance of32.7 l S/*** high performance and desirable current saturation promise the construction of robust logic *** inverters show a voltage gain of 26.6 and an ideal total margin nearly 89%.We also assemble NOT-AND(NAND)gate on an individual Mo S_(2) flake,and the constructed NAND gate demonstrates the universal functionality of the transistors as *** work provides an alternative strategy to fully take the advantages of 2 D materials for high-performance field-effect transistors.

摘要：为分析星敏感器性能下降和姿态测量精度下降的原因,研究了10 MeV质子辐照下8T全局曝光CMOS图像传感器(CIS)电离总剂量(TID)效应和位移损伤效应对星敏感器典型性能参数的影响。分析了CMOS图像传感器暗电流、暗信号非均匀性和光响应非均匀性随位移损伤剂量(DDD)的变化规律和星敏感器星对角距精度、质心定位精度随DDD的退化规律。该研究从系统角度分析了空间辐射对星敏感器性能参数的影响,为星敏感器在轨姿态误差测量和修正技术的研究奠定基础,同时也为高精度星敏感器的设计提供了一定的理论依据。

摘要：研究采用双层包裹聚磷酸铵来提高交联聚乙烯(XLPE)复合材料的力学性能、耐老化性和阻燃性。将聚磷酸铵(APP)用二氧化硅包裹,然后用受阻苯酚抗氧化剂3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4羟基苯基)(AO)接枝,制备双层包裹阻燃剂(MCAPP)。由于MCAPP和XLPE基体具有良好的相容性,提高了XLPE/MCAPP/CFA(XLPE-4)的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。在135℃老化14天后,XLPE-4复合材料的断裂伸长率保留率达到61.1%,显著高于XLPE-1(2.6%)。这说明MCAPP可以提高XLPE电缆复合材料的耐老化性能。与XLPE-1相比,XLPE-4的最大烟密度和峰值放热速率分别降低了54.9%和89.7%。因此,双层包裹的抗氧化策略为获得高性能的XLPE复合材料提供了一个很好的途径。

摘要：首次报道了一种新颖的基于乙醇溶液的一步草酸共沉淀法合成富锂锰基正极材料的方法。在这种方法中,包括锂元素在内的所有元素均能在共沉淀反应步骤发生沉淀反应,以此实现更为均匀的元素混合。此外,相比传统的草酸铵共沉淀法,该法省略了前驱体初烧的步骤,节约了合成的时间和成本。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电化学测试等检测手段表征了所得样品的晶体结构与电化学性能,研究了两种方法所制备的富锂锰基正极材料的结构、形貌与电化学性能。结果表明,一步草酸共沉淀法合成的富锂材料,拥有更好的结晶性、更大的层间距;材料的颗粒更为均匀和细小。这些晶体结构与形貌上的优势,使得该法制备的富锂材料展现出了更高的放电比容量、更好的循环性能和倍率性能。这些结果均展示了我们所提出的一步草酸共沉淀法的可行性与优势。这种新颖而简便的共沉淀法,可推广于其他层状材料的合成与设计。

摘要：The ternary cobalt-nickel-iron phosphide nanocubes (P-Co0.9Ni0.9Fe1.2 NCs) with high intrinsic activity, conductivity, defect concentration and optimized ratio have been realized through a facile phosphorization treatment using ternary cobalt-nickel-iron nanocubes of Prussian blue analogs (PBA) as a precursor. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results show that the P-Co0.9Ni0.9Fe1.2 NCs maintain a cubic structure with a rough surface, implying the rich surface defects as exposed active sites. The thermal phosphorization of the ternary PBA precursor not only provids carbon doping but also leads to the in situ construction of surface defects on the NCs. The carbon doping from the PBA precursor lowers the charge transfer resistance and optimizes the electronic transformation. The synergistic effect among the ternary metal ions and rich defects contributes to the enhanced electrocatalytic performance . The P-Co0.9Ni0.9Fe1.2NCs achieve low overpotentials of -200.7 and 273.1 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^-2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction, respectively. The potential of overall water splitting reaches 1.52 V at a current density of 10 mA cm^-2. The longterm stability of the electrocatalysts was also evaluated. This work provides a facile method to design efficient transitionmetal- based bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.

摘要：The solid-state magnetic cooling(MC)method based on the magnetocaloric effect(MCE)is recognized as an environmentally friendly and high-energy-efficiency *** search or design of suitable magnetic materials with large MCEs is one of the main targets at *** this work,we apply the chemical and hydrostatic pressures in the Ni_(35)Co_(15)Mn_(35-x)Fe_(x)Ti_(15) all-d-metal Heusler alloys and systematically investigate their crystal structures,phases,and magnetocaloric performances experimentally and *** the alloys are found to crystallize in an ordered B2-type structure at room temperature and the atoms of Fe are confirmed to all occupy at sites Mn(B).The total magnetic moments decrease gradually with increasing Fe content and decreasing of volume as *** martensitic transformation temperature decreases with the increase of Fe content,whereas increases with increasing hydrostatic ***,obviously enhanced magnetocaloric performances can also be obtained by applied *** maximum values of magnetic entropy change and refrigeration capacity are as high as 15.61(24.20)J(kg K)^(−1) and 109.91(347.26)J kg^(−1) withΔH=20(50)kOe,*** magnetocaloric performances are superior to most of the recently reported famous materials,indicating the potential application for active MC.