摘要：Hard-magnetic soft materials have attracted broad interests because of their flexible programmability,non-contact activation and rapid response in various applications such as soft robotics,biomedical devices and flexible *** multifunctional materials consist of a soft matrix embedded with hard-magnetic particles,and can exhibit large deformations under external magnetic ***,we develop a three-dimensional(3D)rod model to predict spatial deformations(extension,bending and twist)of slender hard-magnetic *** model follows Kirchhoff hypothesis and thus reduces the 3D magneto-elastic energy function to a one-dimensional(1D)***,the co-rotational formulation is applied to describe rigid body motion,and explicit time integration is adopted for the nonlinear ***,we explore finite bending,post-buckling and twisting of hard-magnetic elastica under external magnetic fields with different directions and *** examples with various configurations show superior efficiency and accuracy of the model(the difference less than 1%with only a small number of elements)compared to conventional solid *** model could be used to guide rational designs on programmable shape morphing of ferromagnetic slender structures.

摘要：This research analyzed amino acid sequence similarity between non-self T cell epitopes recognized by mouse antibodies and mouse proteins. Using sequence alignment,we found that only 8 of 1 108 epitopes are highly similar to mouse protein sequences. The result shows that non-self T cell epitopes are not similar or have little similarity to mouse protein sequences. Furthermore,reviewing the related literature,we also found that the eight epitopes would trigger immune responses in some particular environment,which are ignored by T cells in normal condition. The result suggests that no or low-similarity peptide vaccines can reduce the chance of collateral cross-reactions and enhance the antigen-specific immune response to vaccine.

摘要：通过基因全合成实现基因的分子改造和人工组建正成为一种实验室常规手段,因此,建立一种能够在相对低廉和短时间内准确和高效地设计和合成长片段基因的方法十分重要.本研究报道了一种重复性好、错误率低、低成本和简便的基因设计和全合成方法.此方法包含经DNA2.0软件的序列优化,Gene2Oligo软件的寡核苷酸设计,覆盖全长基因双链的寡核苷酸的组合和引物介导下的全基因的合成等步骤.运用此方法,对3个不同长度的基因(分别为653bp,1309bp和1498bp)成功地进行了密码子优化和一步全合成.其中的amyFF在大肠杆菌中表达量提高了12倍.

摘要：The past decade has witnessed a surge of interest in exploring emergent particles in condensed matter *** particles,emerged as excitations around exotic band degeneracy points,continue to be reported in real materials and artificially engineered systems,but so far,we do not have a complete picture on all possible types of particles that can be ***,via systematic symmetry analysis and modeling,we accomplish a complete list of all possible particles in time-reversal-invariant *** includes both spinful particles such as electron quasiparticles in solids,and spinless particles such as phonons or even excitations in electric-circuit and mechanical *** establish detailed correspondence between the particle,the symmetry condition,the effective model,and the topological *** obtained encyclopedia concludes the search for novel emergent particles and provides concrete guidance to achieve them in physical systems.

摘要：提出一个专门针对协同环境下CAD模型的多层次动态的安全访问控制(multi-level and dynamic security access control,简称MLDAC)模型.该模型利用一种多层次的权限模型,以简化权限定义及其分配过程,丰富了权限表达能力,实现了产品模型的多粒度访问控制.通过参照工作流的基本理念,引入权限的依赖关系及权限状态迁移概念,实现了权限的动态授权管理.通过实践证明,MLDAC模型可以对协同设计操作进行更加有效的控制,符合设计任务间的分工性、依赖性和交互性的特点.

摘要：文章建立了S型铺管船的船体、托管架和管线动态耦合模型。考虑了海浪、风和海流载荷作用下以及动力定位系统的控制下,分析时域内管道对船舶运动和受力特点的影响。主要包括:建立起重铺管船的动力定位运动模型,建立基于碰撞-接触原理的V型托辊和托管架模型,设计具有PID伺服系统的张紧器模型,提供连接托管架和船尾的非线性弹性铰接模型。进行时域动态模拟得到结果,通过与非铺管作业工况下的运动响应的对比表明,管线对船舶横摇运动影响较大,对纵摇和垂荡运动有一定程度的影响;管道对船舶纵荡、横荡和艏摇三个自由度上的受力影响极大。

摘要：研究目的：创新要点：为多塔斜拉桥在一致激励和非一致激励下地震响应的研究提供地震模拟振动台全桥试验方法，并有助于加强多塔斜拉桥抗震性能和抗震设计的认识。1．建立了地震模拟振动台多台阵试验方法，并首次将其应用于多塔斜拉桥全桥比例缩尺模型的地震响应分析之中；2．通过地震模拟振动台试验，揭示了多塔斜拉桥在多点一致激励和多点非一致激励的地震响应特性并提出了多塔斜拉桥在强震下的破坏模式。研究方法：1．基于动力相似理论，设计与制作了多塔斜拉桥的全桥比例缩尺模型（图2）；2．利用地震模拟振动台多台阵试验，根据在不同地震波作用下和考虑行波效应后多塔斜拉桥模型的主梁和主塔响应，分析了多塔斜拉桥在多点一致激励和多点非一致激励的地震响应特性（图5～图8）；3．根据在地震波不同强度作用下多塔斜拉桥模型的主梁和主塔响虚，分析了多塔斜拉桥在强震下的破坏模式和地震响应（图9）。重要结论：1．江心波作用下该多塔斜拉桥的地震响应大于其他三种地震波；2．多塔斜拉桥在抗震设计时需要考虑行波效应的影响；3．在El-Centro波的加速度峰值高达4．0m／s^2时，多塔斜拉桥模型出现了支座破坏。

摘要：样例学习研究表明多重样例的学习效果好于单个样例,因为多重样例的对比通常都有利于学习。然而并不是所有的对比都同样有效。研究者关于如何有效设计多重样例得出了不一致的结论。通过综述已有关于多重样例学习的实证研究,总结出两个尚未得到解决的问题:(1)多重样例之间的相似或相异程度应该如何;(2)学生的先前知识在多重样例学习中的作用如何。首先,关于多重样例之间多大程度的相似或相异才能够促进学习,研究者得出了不同的结果。样例一般被认为是由表面(无关)特征和结构(相关)特征组成的。表面特征(如名称、事物、数字、表面概貌)与目标达成无关,结构特征(如数学法则、原理、解法、规则)与目标达成相关。多重样例表面和结构特征之间的相似度应该多大,已有研究尚未得出一致的结论。一方面,具有不同表面特征的多重样例能够帮助学习者注意到结构特征,提高相关认知负荷,并建构图式;表面特征很相似的多重样例有可能会模糊结构特征和表面特征之间的差异,不利于图式建构及未来的问题解决。另一方面,表面特征相似的多重样例不会增加学习者的工作记忆负担,能够帮助他们审辩、匹配结构特征;相异程度高的多重样例不利于识别样例结构上的共同点。其次,研究者对学生先前知识在多重样例学习中的作用也没有得出一致的结论,主要有以下几种不同的观点。第一,先前知识较低的学生不能受益于多重样例对比,尤其是复杂和不熟悉的样例。第二,先前知识较高的学生能够受益于对比任何多重样例,而先前知识较低的学生只能受益于对比相异程度高的多重样例。第三,先前知识较高的学生受益于对比相异程度高的多重样例,而先前知识较低的学生则受益于对比相异程度低的样例。第四,学生的先前知识和多重样例的变异性之间不存在交互作用。我们综述了已有研究在上述问题上的局限性,并根据自己的实证研究结果提出了改善样例设计的建议。首先,样例设计应该关注对学生学习关键的属性和特征,并使用关键/不关键的分类来代替已有认知研究采用的表面/结构的分类。其次,学生在对比多个关键属性同时变异之前需要单独审辨出每个关键属性。如果学生没有先单独审辨出每个关键属性,同时变异就可能会造成超负荷而不利于学习。最后,具有不同先前知识的学生学习时感受到不同的关键属性,多重样例应该基于学生学习时的关键属性设计特定的变易范式以帮助学生学习。

摘要：Based on explanation of wavelet fractal compression method, the significance of introducing wavelet decomposition into conventional fractal compression method is deeply investigated from the point of theoretical and practical view. The result of study can be regarded as valuable guidelines for taking advantages of wavelet transform to develop more effective image compression algorithm.

摘要：Regulating chemical bonds to balance the adsorption and disassociation of water molecules on catalyst surfaces is crucial for overall water splitting in alkaline *** we report a facile strategy for designing Ni2W4C-W3C Janus structures with abundant Ni-W metallic bonds on surfaces through interfacial *** Ni atoms into the W3C crystals in reaction progress generates a new Ni2 W4C phase,making the inert W atoms in W3C be active sites in Ni2W4C for overall water *** Ni2W4CW3C/carbon nanofibers(Ni2 W4-W3C/CNFs)require overpotentials of 63 mV to reach 10 mA cm^-2 for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and 270 mV to reach 30 mA cm^-2 for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in alkaline electrolyte,*** utilized as both cathode and anode in alkaline solution for overall water splitting,cell voltages of 1.55 and 1.87 V are needed to reach 10 and 100 mA cm^-2,*** functional theory(DFT)results indicate that the strong interactions between Ni and W increase the local electronic states of W *** Ni2W4C provides active sites for cleaving H-OH bonds,and the W3C facilitates the combination of Hads intermediates into H2 *** in situ electrochemical-Raman results demonstrate that the strong absorption ability for hydroxyl and water molecules and further demonstrate that W atoms are the real active sites.