摘要：The paper proposes a topology optimization method for 1D phononic structures to minimize the tangential component of particle velocity at the objective *** tangential derivative of the boundary integral equation(TDBIE)is employed for the evaluation of the objective function involves the tangential derivative *** topological derivative is derived through the adjoint method and the Neumann boundary condition of the adjoint field is obtained using the *** average topological derivative which is obtained by calculating the average value of the topological derivative in each layer of design domains,is employed for the updating of the level set *** implementations demonstrate the proposed method is effective for the design of the 1D phononic crystals with the objective function involving tangential derivative quantities.

摘要：Wearable devices have great application potential in the next generation of smart portable electronics,especially in the fields of medical monitoring,soft robotics,artificial intelligence,and human-machine *** flexible strain sensors are key components of wearable ***,existing piezoelectric flexible strain sensors have certain limitations in weak signal monitoring due to their large modulus and low *** solve this problem,the concept of Kirigami(paper-cutting)was introduced in this study to design the sensor *** comparing the Kirigami structures of different basic structures,the serpentine structure was determined as the basic configuration of the *** serpentine structure not only provides excellent tensile properties,but also significantly improves the sensitivity of the sensor,which performs well in monitoring weak *** this basis,the adhesion properties of the flexible sensor were analyzed and tested,and the optimal ratio of the substrate was selected for *** addition,a low-cost and rapid prototyping process for stretchable patches was established in this *** this technology,we prepared the sensor device and tested its ***,we successfully developed a flexible sensor with a sensitivity of 0.128 mV/μɛand verified its feasibility for wrist joint motion monitoring *** result opens up new avenues for the recovery care of tenosynovitis patients after surgery.

摘要：Two major challenges,high cost and short lifespan,have been hindering the commercialization process of lowtemperature fuel *** Wei's group has been focusing on decreasing cathode Pt loadings without losses of activity and durability,and their research advances in this area over the past three decades are briefly reviewed *** the Pt-based catalysts and the low Pt usage,they have firstly tried to clarify the degradation mechanism of Pt/C catalysts,and then demonstrated that the activity and stability could be improved by three strategies:regulating the nanostructures of the active sites,enhancing the effects of support materials,and optimizing structures of the three-phase *** Pt-free catalysts,especialiy carbon-based ones,several strategies that they proposed to enhance the activity of nitrogen-/heteroatom-doped carbon catalysts are firstly ***,an indepth understanding of the degradation mechanism for carbon-based catalysts is discussed,and followed by the corresponding stability enhancement ***,the carbon-based electrode at the micrometer-scale,faces the challenges such as low active-site density,thick catalytic layer,and the effect of hydrogen peroxide,which require rational structure design for the integral cathodic *** review finally gives a brief conclusion and outlook about the low cost and long lifespan of cathodic oxygen reduction catalysts.

摘要：金属卤化物钙钛矿(MHPs)因其独特的高质量性能,已广泛应用于太阳能电池、发光二极管、激光器、热电材料、光催化等领域.然而,稳定性的缺乏一直阻碍着它们在光电子领域的进一步发展.在这项工作中,我们基于各种类型的赝卤素阴离子设计了面向对象需求的新型钙钛矿材料.结合iGAM模型,发现了影响二维赝卤化物钙钛矿(TPHPs)带隙的三个关键特征,并计算了原子尺度下单层TPHPs的光电性质,用以指导实验研究.此外,我们还探讨了赝卤素离子对MHPs表面功函数的调节作用.本文系统地研究了赝卤素阴离子对钙钛矿从体相到单层再到表面的调谐作用,揭示了赝卤素阴离子影响钙钛矿光电性质和稳定性的相关物理机制,为新型钙钛矿的实验研究提供了参考.

摘要：量子点发光二极管(QLED)溶液法制备的特点和喷墨打印高度契合,在印刷显示器领域展现出巨大的应用潜力.制作QLED器件时,下层薄膜的表面能对上层薄膜的铺展起着至关重要的作用,高表面能可以促进不同功能膜层之间的紧密接触并减少漏电流.然而,已报道的交联空穴传输材料(HTM)低的表面能不利于喷墨打印.在此,我们通过分子设计开发了一种可交联HTM及其聚合物,新的聚合物命名为[9-(4-(乙氧基甲基)苯基)-3-(7-(9-(4-(己炔基)乙氧基甲基)苯基)-9H-咔唑-3-基)-9H-芴]-9H-咔唑(PDA-FLCZ),由3,3′-(9,9-二甲基-9H-芴-2,7-二基)双[9-(4-(丙-2-炔-1-氧基)甲基)苯基]-9H-咔唑(DA-FLCZ)聚合得到.这种新型HTM采用原位光热交联和预聚后热交联两种交联策略,都可以在较低的交联温度下形成稳定的网络结构,具有优异的耐溶剂性和较高的表面能.通过优化交联工艺,交联PDA-FLCZ薄膜实现了更高的空穴迁移率和更低的陷阱密度,其对应的旋涂QLED器件的最大外量子效率(EQE)达到17.59%,比基于DA-FLCZ的器件(14.25%)高出23%.此外,基于交联PDA-FLCZ的喷墨打印QLED显示出15.28%的最大EQE,接近其旋涂器件值的90%.

摘要：实测梯度场相比于总场来说包含的低频信息较少,也就是说实测航磁梯度数据转换得到的总场数据和实测总场数据相比,损失了部分低频信息,为此本文提出了一种延拓转换滤波算法,目的是将实测总场数据的低频信息滤除掉一部分,使得其与航磁梯度数据转换得到的总场数据更好地对比,以讨论在不方便架设日变站区域单独开展航磁梯度测量的可行性。本文设计了简单模型、有背景场以及加入随机噪声的复杂模型进行转换效果分析,模型分析表明该算法的应用效果是和向上延拓高度的选择有很大关系的,背景场的磁化强度的大小也影响着延拓高度的选择,在背景场的磁化强度较小时,延拓高度选择背景场所在埋藏深度即可;较大时,则延拓高度越高越能达到理想的效果。将模型分析结论应用于实测数据的分析,通过延拓转换滤波算法获得的总场数据与航磁垂直梯度转换获得的总场数据对比效果较好。

摘要：针对大断面隧道初期支护拱架在承载时易发生平面外失稳的问题,本文通过开展单拱架全比尺试验和考虑纵向连接的拱框架结构的数值试验以及现场对比试验,对纵向连接与拱架组成的拱框架结构进行优化研究,使其横向上有足够承载能力、纵向上有较高稳定性。研究结果表明,单个拱架的破坏模式是局部面外失稳导致整体承载力丧失,考虑纵向连接的拱框架结构的平面内承载力和平面外稳定性都得到增强。通过调整纵向连接间距和拱架间距也可以调整初期支护拱框架结构和喷射混凝土的内力分担比,以充分发挥初期支护的承载能力,但纵向连接间距应小于1500 mm,拱架间距也应小于1200 mm。因而,在不改变初期支护现有结构形式的前提下,通过合理地布设纵向连接与拱架形成的具有空间承载效应的拱框架结构,不仅可以保证初期支护的承载能力,而且还提高施工效率和经济效益。研究成果可指导大断面隧道初期支护结构设计。

摘要：基于能量守恒定律提出了一种用于预测棒状镁合金样品火焰蔓延时间的判据,该判据表明火焰蔓延时间主要受合金材料和样品尺寸影响。控制体的初始温度和起燃温度以及样品的S/l_c比值(样品横截面面积/横截面周长)是火焰蔓延时间的决定性因素。火焰蔓延时间正比于ΔH(将单位质量的样品从初始温度加热到起燃温度所需的能量)和S/l_c比值,这在Mg-8.5Al-0.5Zn-0.2Mn、Mg-2.7Nd-0.4Zn-0.6Zr和Mg-4.0Y-3.3Nd-0.5Zr镁合金中得到验证。对于尺寸相同的样品,Mg-8.5Al-0.5Zn-0.2Mn合金样品有着最大的ΔH以及最长的火焰蔓延时间;对于材质、长度和横截面面积相同的样品,圆形横截面样品的S/lc比值最大,其抗火焰蔓延性能也最佳。

摘要：岩体强度与裂隙参数是反映工程岩体质量的基本参数,其准确获取是进行地下工程围岩分级与支护合理设计优化的前提。传统的岩体强度测试方法需要对现场围岩取芯并运至实验室测试,测试结果难以反映工程现场环境下的岩体力学性质,而对于岩体强度与裂隙参数的原位测试方法研究较少。本文基于能量守恒定律,建立了岩石切削能密度与随钻参数的关系式,构建了岩体等效强度随钻反演模型(ES-DP模型),系统开展了岩体数字钻进试验。结果表明,相对于传统测试方法,岩体等效强度随钻测试结果平均差异率为2.4%,验证了ES-DP模型对岩体等效强度测试的有效性。在此基础上,建立了岩体裂隙参数随钻识别模型,与实际测量结果相比,该模型测得的岩体裂隙位置与宽度平均精度分别为1.8和1.6 mm,测试精度较高。基于上述研究,本文提出了一种岩体强度-裂隙随钻识别方法,为实现地下工程围岩强度参数与结构特征的原位实时测试提供了新方法。

摘要：非化学计量的氧化硅(SiO_(x),0<x<2)是一种很有前途的锂电池负极材料.然而,它的本征电导率低,体积膨胀明显.特别是,由于连续的电解液消耗,很难形成稳定的固体电解质界面.本工作将空心氧化硅微球包裹在钴碳(Co-C)骨架及其衍生的氮掺杂碳纳米管网络(N-CNTs)中.这种设计解决了电解液消耗和SEI层重复形成的问题,并实现了快速动力学.此外,所制备材料的柔性碳纳米管和坚固金属-碳框架提供力学支撑,可以适应SiO_(x)体积变化.h-SiO_(x)@Co@N-CNTs作为锂离子电池负极材料,具有优异的循环稳定性和高倍率性能.以0.2 A g^(-1)的电流密度循环370次,容量为701 mAh g^(-1),容量保持率为100%.另外,在1.0 A g^(-1)电流密度下循环500圈,容量没有衰减.结果表明,所合成的锂离子电池结构具有一定的优越性,对材料的优化也有一定的启发作用.