摘要：In contrast to the exploration of novel photocatalytic materials,vacancy engineering of traditionalphotocatalysts comprising earth‐abundant elements represents an effective method for enhancingphotocatalytic performance without introducing alien *** minireview analyzes the latestprogress in engineering vacancies in photocatalysts,remarks on state‐of‐the‐art characterizationtechniques for vacancies,and reviews the formation chemistry and fundamental benefits of anionand cation vacancies in typical *** knowledge of these vacancies is increasing,challenges remain in this field,and possible further research is therefore also discussed.

摘要：Tillage practices can potentially affect soil organic carbon （SOC） accumulation in agricultural soils. A 4-year experiment was conducted to identify the influence of tillage practices on SOC sequestration in a double-cropped rice （Oryza sativa L.） field in Hunan Province of china. Three tillage treatments, no-till （NT）, conventional plow tillage （PT）, and rotary tillage （RT）, were laid in a randomized complete block design. Concentrations of SOC and bulk density （BD） of the 0-80 cm soil layer were measured, and SOC stocks of the 0-20 and 0-80 cm soil layers were calculated on an equivalent soil mass （ESM） basis and fixed depth （FD） basis. Soil carbon budget （SCB） under different tillage systems were assessed on the basis of emissions of methane （CH4） and CO2 and the amount of carbon （C） removed by the rice harvest. After four years of experiment, the NT treatment sequestrated more SOC than the other treatments. The SOC stocks in the 0-80 cm layer under NT （on an ESM basis） was as high as 129.32 Mg C ha-1, significantly higher than those under PT and RT （P 〈 0.05）. The order of SOC stocks in the 0-80 cm soil layer was NT 〉 PT 〉 RT, and the same order was observed for SCB; however, in the 0-20 cm soil layer, the RT treatment had a higher SOC stock than the PT treatment. Therefore, when comparing SOC stocks, only considering the top 20 cm of soil would lead to an incomplete evaluation for the tillage-induced effects on SOC stocks and SOC sequestrated in the subsoil layers should also be taken into consideration. The estimation of SOC stocks using the ESM instead of FD method would better reflect the actual changes in SOC stocks in the paddy filed, as the FD method amplified the tillage effects on SOC stocks. This study also indicated that NT plus straw retention on the soil surface was a viable option to increase SOC stocks in paddy soils.

摘要：Objective： To provide essential information for peptide inhibitor design, the interactions of Eps15 homology domain of Eps15 homology domain-containing protein 1 （EHD1 EH domain） with three peptides containing NPF （asparagine-proline-phenylalanine）, DPF （aspartic acid-proline-phenylalanine）, and GPF （glycine-proline-phenylalanine） motifs were deciphered at the atomic level. The binding affinities and the underlying structure basis were investigated. Methods： Molecular dynamics （MD） simulations were performed on EHD1 EH domain/peptide complexes for 60 ns using the GROMACS package. The binding free energies were calculated and decomposed by molecular mechanics/ generalized Born surface area （MM/GBSA） method using the AMBER package. The alanine scanning was performed to evaluate the binding hot spot residues using FoldX software. Results： The different binding affinities for the three peptides were affected dominantly by van der Waals interactions. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds provide the struc- tural basis of contributions of van der Waals interactions of the flanking residues to the binding. Conclusions： van der Waals interactions should be the main consideration when we design peptide inhibitors of EHD1 EH domain with high affinities. The ability to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds with protein residues can be used as the factor for choosing the flanking residues.

摘要：This paper describes the characteristics of liquefied natural gas （LNG） carriers briefly. The LNG carrier includes power plant selection, vapor treatment, liquid cargo tank type, etc. Two parameters fuel substitution rate and recovery of boil of gas （BOG） volume to energy efficiency design index （EEDI） formula are added, and EEDI formula of LNG carriers is established based on ship EEDI formula. Then, based on steam turbine propulsion device of LNG carriers, mathematical models of LNG carriers＇ reference line value are established in this paper. By verification, the EEDI formula of LNG carriers described in this paper can provide a reference for LNG carrier EEDI calculation and green shipbuilding.

摘要：Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici （Pst） is the obligate biotrophic fungus responsible for stripe rust wheat. In this study, we developed and characterized 20 polymorphic microsatelUte markers from the genomic sequence of an isolate of Chinese Pst race C^32. Polymorphism at each simple sequence repeat （SSR） locus was determined using 32 Pst isolates from 7 countries. The number of alleles varied from 2 to 7 across isolates, and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.33 to 0.97 （mean 0.62） and 0.23 to 0.73 （mean 0.51 ）, respectively. As expected the genomic SSR markers were more polymorphic than the expressed sequence tag （EST）-SSR markers developed previously. These markers will be more useful for population genetics and molecular genetics studies in Pst.

摘要：The precision seeding technique has been developed at full speed along with the continuous development of new agricultural technologies,especially those concerning cultivated *** seed-metering device is the key component of a precision seeder.A ground wheel is used to drive the seed-metering device of the conventional direct ***,the wheel bears high resistance and easily ***,the adjustment of the precision seeder’s seeding rate is more *** order to solve these problems,a control system which could keep the rotational speed of the seed-metering device consistent with the seeder’s working speed for the precision seed-metering device was *** control system includes a Hall sensor,a single chip microcomputer system,a motor control module,a stepper motor and a *** control system used a Hall sensor to measure the seeder’s working speed and employed a single chip microcomputer system to predict the rotational speed of seed-metering *** would then determine the relationship between the seeder’s working speed and the rotational speed of the seed metering-device according to the seeder’s working state,distance between seeds and the requirement of sowing *** system could effectively reduce the influence of inhomogeneous sowing caused by the ground wheel’s *** system was found to be reliable by the *** seeding control system could also make the speed of the seed-metering device and seeder’s uniform,improving the uniformity of the amount of seeding,and achieving the goal of *** new design provides a platform to solve problems of the seed-metering device and the seeder.

摘要：To meet the large-scale smashing production of soft straw and hard straw with high fiber materials and overcome the shortcomings of single-mission cutter and shredder, a straw grinder with air-induced discharging device was developed, which realized the force feeding of hard straws with high fiber. The results showed that soft straw could be directly fed into the smashing device without cutting with the average efficiency of 1.27 kg/h and electricity consumption o per ton of 32.0 k W·*** hard straw with high fiber should be first fed into the shredding device with force feeding roll to cut and then grinded, for which the efficiency average was 0.67kg/h and electricity consumption per ton was 60.5 k W·h. The machine was stable,safe and reliable with strong adaptability of materials and no-dust operating environment, which satisfied the design requirements.

摘要：In this study, several kinds of virus inhibitors or passivators, such as Dufulin and lentinan, were used to design 15 individual or combination treatments, to investigate their control efficiency against viral diseases in Chinese cabbage. Re- sults showed that individual treatments of Dufulin and lentinan achieved high control efficiency of 70.01% and 66.02%, respectively; combination treatments of Dufulin ＋ lentinan, Dufulin ＋ Weijiaxi and Lentinan ＋Weijiaxi also produced certain synergistic effects, with control efficiency of 83.70%, 78.07% and 82.32%, respectively.

摘要：为解决传统方法中从数据获取到数据处理出现的误差,进一步改善操作方法,该文设计了一种半球摄影法检测系统,使用鱼眼镜头在不同位置下拍摄单棵果树。对拍摄的图像进行处理,并对叶面积指数测量值和真实值进行验证对比,研究影响测量叶面积指数的因素。研究结果表明:鱼眼镜头在不同方位、不同偏移、不同高度下拍摄,以及不同软件处理方法都会对叶面积指数的测量产生影响。最优化的参数组合为:选择果树东方位拍摄,鱼眼镜头距离柑橘树主干25cm,距离地面高度89cm;在软件处理分析时,应取LAI4R,天顶角设为60°,同时采用软件遮罩功能对与冠层无关的区域进行屏蔽。在上述方法操作下,系统线性回归模型的决定系数R2为0.8268,测量值与真实值的平均绝对误差为0.31,平均相对误差为14.19%。该方法可为单棵果树叶面积指数的检测提供研究基础。

摘要：[Objective] This study aimed to make the effluent of constructed wetlands in a pond recirculating aquaculture system satisfy aquaculture requirements. [Method] A 150 m long, 0.5 m wide and 0.6 m deep ecological ditch was constructed on the basis of the periphyton reactor theory, to investigate the reoxygenation and deep purification effect of the ecological ditch on the effluent of constructed wetlands. [Result] Experimental results showed that the level of dissolved oxygen （DO） in the effluent of constructed wetlands increased to a range of 4.41-7.91 mg/L and pH val- ue increased significantly by flowing though the ecological ditch （P〈0.05）. DO level in the water of ecological ditch increased linearly with the increasing length of the ecological ditch within the range of 150 m （P〈0.05）. The ecological ditch showed further removal effect on NH4＋-N, IMn and PO4^3 -P in the effluent of the constructed wetlands, with the removal rate of 19.46%, 13.38% and 31.09%, respectively. The total coliform group was also eliminated with the removal rate ranging between 12.5% and 78.13%. [Conclusion] The ecological ditch based on periphyton reactor could improve DO level and further reduce N and P contents in the effluent of the constructed wetlands, which could be used as a matching water-reuse system of constructed wetlands. Key words Water quality; Purification; Dissolved oxygen; Periphyton; Pond aquaculture