摘要：近年来,高熵合金凭借其新颖的设计理念和优异的各类物化性能成为金属结构材料领域的研究热点。随着轻量化合金设计理念的不断普及,“熵调控”的概念也被广泛应用于开发新型轻质合金。轻质高熵合金是基于合金轻量化设计的一类低密度的新型高熵合金,其开发与设计主要利用经验参数准则、相图计算以及第一性原理计算相结合的方法。其中,Al-Ti-V基轻质高熵合金凭借其优异的力学性能、良好的高温抗氧化性及耐腐蚀性等优点,受到了广泛关注。本文基于Al-Ti-V基轻质高熵合金的研究现状,从成分设计、制备方法、结构特征以及各类物化性能特点等方面进行了综述,并指出了Al-Ti-V基轻质高熵合金所面临的问题与挑战。

摘要：Modern medicine is increasingly interested in advanced sensors to detect and analyze biochemical *** sensors based on potentiometric methods are a promising platform for monitoring physiological ions in biological *** semi-implantable devices are mainly based on single-parameter *** semi-implantable electrodes for multiparameter sensing have more restrictions on the electrode size due to biocompatibility considerations,but reducing the electrode surface area could potentially limit electrode *** study developed a semi-implantable device system comprising a multiplexed microfilament electrode cluster(MMEC)and a printed circuit board for real-time monitoring of intra-tissue K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Na^(+)*** electrode surface area was less important for the potentiometric sensing mechanism,suggesting the feasibility of using a tiny fiber-like electrode for potentiometric *** MMEC device exhibited a broad linear response(K^(+):2–32 mmol/L;Ca^(2+):0.5–4 mmol/L;Na^(+):10–160 mmol/L),high sensitivity(about 20–45 mV/decade),temporal stability(>2weeks),and good selectivity(>80%)for the above *** vitro detection and in vivo subcutaneous and brain experiment results showed that the MMEC system exhibits good multi-ion monitoring performance in several complex *** work provides a platform for the continuous real-time monitoring of ion fluctuations in different situations and has implications for developing smart sensors to monitor human health.

摘要：作为细胞中的主要运输系统,天然囊泡在物质的定点输运过程中具有至关重要的作用.高分子囊泡是与之结构相似的一种人工囊泡,具有优异的膜稳定性和胶体稳定性、高药物负载率、低膜穿透性、优异的可修饰性和长循环时间等优势,在生物医用领域具有广泛的应用前景.然而,目前该领域尚面临一系列重要挑战,如合成和制备方法较为复杂、生物相容性较难预测、功能和递送途径有限等,限制了其临床转化之路.本文从囊泡的构建模块合成、自组装技术和潜在的生物医学应用等角度,提出了设计和制备下一代高分子囊泡需要解决的五个关键科学问题,指出了未来面临的重要挑战和发展方向,例如简化设计和合成过程,优化和规范自组装过程,拓展潜在的应用前景.

摘要：Conventional blood sampling for glucose detection is prone to cause pain and fails to continuously record glucose fluctuations in *** glucose monitoring based on implantable electrodes could induce pain and potential tissue inflammation,and the presence of reactive oxygen species(rOS)due to inflammationmay affect glucose *** technology is less invasive,yet microneedle adhesion with skin tissue is *** this work,we developed a microarrow sensor array(MASA),which provided enhanced skin surface adhesion and enabled simultaneous detection of glucose and H_(2)O_(2)(representative of rOS)in interstitial fluid in *** microarrows fabricated via laser micromachining were modified with functional coating and integrated into a patch of a three-dimensional(3d)microneedle *** to the arrow tip mechanically interlocking with the tissue,the microarrow array could better adhere to the skin surface after penetration into *** MASA was demonstrated to provide continuous in vivo monitoring of glucose and H_(2)O_(2) concentrations,with the detection of H_(2)O_(2) providing a valuable reference for assessing the inflammation ***,the MASA was integrated into a monitoring system using custom *** work provides a promising tool for the stable and reliable monitoring of blood glucose in diabetic patients.

摘要：Monitoring the electrophysiology activity of neurons and blood calcium signals can enable a better understanding of disease-related neural system ***,currently,in situ calcium ion monitoring tools are scarce and exhibit low integration and limited *** this letter,we propose an implantable probe with an integrated in situ Ag/AgCl reference electrode(ISA/ArE)that can monitor action potential(AP)and Ca^(2+) concentrations.

摘要：为了探讨利用绿色环保的非炸药主动震源技术勘查我国西部、南部复杂山地深部矿产资源的可行性,并提出可行的探测方案,以景德镇朱溪矿区为例开展了基于照明分析和叠前深度域偏移成像实验的主动源地震探测系统设计研究。在现场踏勘和充分收集地质、钻探成果的基础上,根据矿区42号线钻孔联合剖面和相应的岩石物性测量成果建立了地球物理模型。由于后续地震数据采集工作主要利用单分量纵波检波器开展,在地震波的数值模拟方面选用了粘声波方程;工区崎岖地表所带来的不规则自由表面问题则通过Acoustic-Elastic boundary Approach(AEA)方案解决。进行了震源-检波器组双向照明分析,以及高信噪比(20db)和低信噪比(6db)两种情况下的地震波叠前深度域逆时偏移成像实验。研究结果表明,通过合理布设较为密集的主动震源激发-接收系统,采用环境友好的非炸药主动震源技术可以查明目标区地下主要地层,和断层、逆掩推覆体等主要控矿构造的空间展布。后续实际的地震数据采集工作在本次研究的基础上开展,取得的朱溪矿区第一手非炸药震源绿色勘查成像剖面证明了本次研究所提出的探测方案是可行的和有效的。通过不断完善技术体系,非炸药主动震源技术有望为我国深部矿产资源勘探、隐伏断裂勘查、城市地下空间探测等研究领域提供一种环保、高效的技术手段。本次研究所采用的基于照明分析和偏移成像实验的复杂山地主动震源探测系统设计、论证方法值得进一步研究和推广。

摘要：近年来流感频发,针对传统靶点抗流感药物(如扎那米韦和奥司他韦)的耐药病毒大量出现,迫切需求开发新靶点、新作用机制的抗流感药物。本研究针对流感病毒血凝素(HA)底物结合位点附近的赖氨酸(Lys133和Lys222),设计了系列具有共价结合潜力的唾液酸类化合物(1a–1h)。活性研究表明该系列化合物对两种流感病毒HA蛋白的结合力较母体化合物唾液酸(SA)有明显提升,其中化合物1d与阳性化合物2,6-唾液酸乳糖胺(2,6-SLN)持平(Kd=38.2和39.6μM);该系列化合物安全无毒(对MdCK细胞CC50>1 mM),其中化合物1d可有效抑制流感病毒在MdCK细胞中的复制。本研究提出了基于流感病毒HA的共价抑制新策略,深入发掘有望获得新型强效HA抑制剂。

摘要：甲烷化学链部分氧化(CL-POM)是一种有前景的合成气生产技术,具有高选择性和低爆炸风险的优势.然而,开发性能优异、可持续释氧的金属载氧体仍然面临挑战.为此,本研究设计了一种复合载氧体(LaFeO_(3-δ)/Ca_(1-η)Sr_(η)MnO_(3)),通过调控Ca_(1-η)Sr_(η)MnO_(3)的氧扩散来维持LaFeO_(3-δ)(121)缺陷表面的活性结构,从而提升了CL-POM的活性和选择性.理论计算结果表明,甲烷在LaFeO_(3-δ)(121)缺陷表面上的反应活性位点主要是Fe-O_(4)(O_(V))和Fe-O_(3)(O_(V))_(2),它们表现出相近的反应能垒(ΔG_(a)=1.44和1.40 eV).氧扩散系数和表面反应速率常数分别由体相氧迁移能垒和表面反应能垒确定,进而计算得到体相氧扩散和表面反应的速率,用以评估两者的匹配程度.最后,本研究证实了LaFeO_(3-δ)/Ca_(0.75)-Sr_(0.25)MnO_(3)是一种有潜力的CL-POM载氧体,其能够实现体相氧扩散速率与表面氧消耗速率的合理匹配,并有效地抑制不利的相变过程.

摘要：化学取代是有效调节分子电导,产生多通道输运、量子干涉效应和其他机制的关键方法.但分子骨架和侧基之间存在复杂的相互作用,目前仍未被研究清楚.在本工作中,我们结合扫描隧道显微镜裂结实验技术和第一性原理计算方法,深入研究了具有不同σ和π侧基的分子电导.实验结果及理论分析表明,σ侧基的加入引起了分子前线轨道的对称性破缺并加剧了分子内散射,从而导致电导的降低.相反,π侧基引入了额外的电荷传输通道,实现了电荷传输的多通道效应,增加了分子的电导.这些发现为未来分子功能化和分子电子器件的设计提供了坚实的基础.

摘要：Bone screws are devices used to fix implants or bones to ***,conventional screws are mechanically fixed with thread and often face long-term failure due to poor *** improve osseointegration,screws are evolving from solid and smooth to porous and *** manufacturing(AM)offers a high degree of manufacturing freedom,enabling the preparation of predesigned screws that are porous and *** paper provides an overview of the problems currently faced by bone screws:long-term loosening and screw ***,advances in osseointegrated screws are summarized hierarchically(sub-micro,micro,and macro).At the sub-microscale level,we describe surface-modification techniques for enhancing *** the micro level,we summarize the micro-design parameters that affect the mechanical and biological properties of porous osseointegrated screws,including porosity,pore size,and pore *** addition,we highlight three promising pore shapes:triply periodic minimal surface,auxetic structure with negative Poisson ratio,and the Voronoi *** the macro level,we outline the strategies of graded design,gradient design,and topology optimization design to improve the mechanical strength of porous osseointegrated ***,this paper outlines advances in AM technology for enhancing the mechanical properties of porous osseointegrated *** osseointegrated screws with hierarchical design are expected to provide excellent long-term fixation and the required mechanical strength.