摘要：China is the starting point and pioneer and driver of the Silk Road Economic Belt; Russia is located in the throat place of the belt; and India is at the joint of the belt and the Maritime Silk Road. China, Russia, and India as the BRICS countries are geo-connected, easy to reach a consensus because of their common and similar interests. The three countries also have common inherent demands and strategic directions： connectivity, complementarity, taking advantage of the great powers of Eurasia and sea-land compound, moving toward the grand trend of modern international economy and technology development. Promoting the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt accords with their respective interests, and is their common interests, which decide that China, Russia, and India are the key factors and dominant forces in the construction of the belt.

摘要：离子插层是提高Ti_(3)C_(2)TxMXene电化学性能的有效方法之一.然而,不同的插层离子对MXene的结构和电化学性能的影响是否相同这一问题尚不清楚.本文系统研究了Li+、Na+、K+、Cs+、Zn2+、Mg2+、SO_(4)2-和OH-等一系列离子插层后的MXene的结构特征和电化学性能.研究结果表明,插层离子的半径、电荷数和化学特性对插层效果都会产生影响.在所研究的插层剂中,由离子半径最大的一价阳离子Cs+和具有强碱性的阴离子OH-组成的插层剂CsOH对MXene具有较好的插层效果.插层后的MXene层间距增大,层间容纳了大量游离水,Ti的价态升高,片层表面有利于氧化还原反应的含O官能团增多,这都大大促进了电解液离子H+的扩散与存储.由此制备的电极的质量比电容大幅度提高,为原始MXene电极的7倍多,而且经过20,000次充放电循环后电容保持率未发生下降.本文为具有高电容性能的MXene和MXene基复合电极的合理设计和制备提供了指导.

摘要：A novel reconstructive prosthesis was designed with topological optimization(TO)and a lattice structure to enhance biomechanical and biological properties in the proximal *** biomechanical performance was validated through finite element analysis(FEA)and biomechanical *** tibia with inhomogeneous material properties was reconstructed according to computed tomography images,and different components were designed to simulate the *** compliance TO subject to a volume fraction constraint combined with a graded lattice structure was utilized to redesign the *** was performed to evaluate the mechanical performances of the tibia and implants after optimization,including stress,micromotion,and strain *** results were analyzed by paired-samples t tests,and p<0.05 was considered *** testing was used to verify the tibial *** to the original group(OG),the TO group(TOG)exhibited lower stress on the stem,and the maximum von Mises stresses were 87.2 and 53.1 MPa,respectively,a 39.1%reduction(p<0.05).Conversely,the stress and strain energy on the tibia increased in the *** maximum von Mises stress values were 16.4 MPa in the OG and 22.9 MPa in the TOG with a 39.6%increase(p<0.05),and the maximum SED value was 0.026 MPa in the OG and 0.042 MPa in the TOG,corresponding to an increase of 61.5%(p<0.05).The maximum micromotions in the distal end of the stem were 135μm in the OG and 68μm in the TOG,almost a 50%*** stress curves of the biomechanical test coincided well with the FEA *** TO approach can effectively reduce the whole weight of the prosthesis and improve the biomechanical environment of the *** could also pave the way for next-generation applications in orthopedics surgery.

摘要：[Objective] The paper was to ascertain the fermentation conditions and medium formula of Bacillus subtilis B-332. [Method] Using single factor and orthogo- nal experimental designs, the fermentation medium and culture conditions for B. sub- i tills B-332 were optimized through shaking flask culture. [Result] The optimal culture and inoculation time was 18 h, and the optimized medium formula was as follows： soybean powder 0.60 g/L, sucrose 0.25 g/L, ammonium sulfate 0.07 g/L, trisodium citrate 0.03 g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.003 g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.005 g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.000 5%; the fermentation condition was as follows： tem- perature 30 ℃, shaking bed speed 180 r/min, shaking bottle volume 80 ml/500 ml. In the optimal fermentation conditions, the fermented spore quantity was 1.43×10^11 cfu/ml, which was 34.48 times higher than the spore quantity of 4.03×10^9 cfu/ml in initial condition. [Result] The study laid the foundation for factory production of the strain.

摘要：目的：实时荧光定量PCR（ real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR）技术快速评估恒河猴外周血细胞中的猴免疫缺陷病毒（ SIV）病毒储存库的方法学及初步应用。方法以SIVmac239毒株序列为标准,在gag保守区设计1对引物和TaqMan探针,用于实时定量PCR扩增。 EcoRⅠ和SpeⅠ酶切含有SIVmac239毒株5′端长片段（含SIV-gag区）的质粒p239SpSp5,得到长度为2090 bp的SIV-gag区保守片段,纯化后定量系列标准品以绘制标准曲线。测定SIVmac239毒株感染恒河猴急性期和慢性期的外周血单个核细胞中SIV DNA拷贝数以反映病毒储存库水平,并分析该水平在不同感染状态中的病毒学特征。结果标准品浓度在10~1010拷贝/μl之间与Ct值呈线性正相关。 SIV急性期感染14~22 d可测出高水平的SIV病毒DNA,急性期病毒DNA水平高于慢性期1~2个log水平。相同动物样本的每106个细胞中的病毒DNA水平较其血清中病毒载量低将近1个log左右。 SIV病毒DNA水平与病毒载量比值（ DNA/RNA）在慢性感染期显著高于急性期。结论本研究制备的SIV病毒DNA荧光探针定量RT-PCR方法特异性、敏感性高,线性范围广,可用于评估猴免疫缺陷病毒潜伏的病毒储存库水平。

摘要：气膜冷却是一种应用广泛且有效的透平冷却方式。传热系数是气膜冷却的主要特征物理量之一,直接影响到热端部件的壁面温度。发展气膜冷却传热系数的高精度、高效率测量方法对气膜冷却特性的研究和冷却设计具有重要意义。本文针对平板气膜冷却传热系数稳态测量方法,通过雷诺时均(RANS)数值模拟,研究了平板背部固体导热损失对传热系数测量结果精度和测量过程效率的影响机制。研究表明,背部保温材料的厚度直接影响到平板背部固体导热过程,进一步导致对于测试结果精度和系统达到稳态的时间(即测量效率)的影响;对于某个特定的气膜传热系数测量实验来说,存在着一个“最佳”的保温材料厚度范围。在此基础上,本文提出了进一步兼顾平板气膜冷却传热系数稳态测量精度与效率的方法。

摘要：低容量和低倍率限制了电池型超级电容阳极材料的大规模应用.本文通过构建一种具有半共格异质界面特性的Fe_(2)O_(3)/FeSe_(2)纳米结构作为先进的阳极材料来解决这一瓶颈.系列表征和第一性原理计算表明,这种特殊的异质界面不仅能自发产生较强的内建电场,从而提高电子传递速率和OH^(-)离子的吸附能力;还可使得活性物质与OH^(-)之间发生更多的氧化还原反应,并且使该反应体系更容易进行.基于上述优势,所制备出的阳极材料的最大比容量为199.2 mA h g^(-1)(1 A g^(-1)),并且在10 A g^(-1)下仍能保持105.8 mA h g^(-1),同时,经历5000次循环后,其比容量可维持初始值的90.2%.此外,以Fe_(2)O_(3)/FeSe_(2)作为阳极组装的非对称超级电容器在0.8 kW kg^(-1)时的能量密度为52.55 Wh kg^(-1),即使经历15,000次循环,该器件还能维持初始容量的91.2%.我们的工作为设计大容量和高倍率性能的电池型超级电容器阳极材料提供了一种创新性的策略,有望推动过渡金属化合物在储能系统中的大规模应用.

摘要：在AISI304不锈钢管穿孔针挤压成形过程中,揭示挤压坯料的动态再结晶规律,是实现动态再结晶行为的有效控制,从而获得具有细晶及合格微观组织的管材的基础和关键。基于DEFORM-2D软件平台,以d29mm×4.5mmAISI304不锈钢管的穿孔针挤压过程为研究对象,首先建立了该过程适用、可靠的多尺度有限元分析模型;通过大量的数值模拟分析,阐明了关键挤压成形参数(即坯料初始温度和挤压速度)对挤压坯料的动态再结晶体积分数、平均晶粒尺寸及其分布的影响规律,所得结论为根据挤压管材的微观组织对AISI304不锈钢管穿孔针挤压成形过程进行优化设计与稳健控制提供了重要理论依据和指南。

摘要：超临界二氧化碳(SCO2)布雷顿循环是一种极具发展前景的可用于核动力舰船的循环系统。离心压缩机是SCO2布雷顿循环的关键部件之一,具有体积小、效率高的优点。但二氧化碳临界点附近物理性质的剧烈变化导致压缩机的设计面临诸多挑战,目前针对核动力舰船使用的大流量系数SCO2压缩机的气动设计和分析还很少。本文采用双区模型方法对大流量系数SCO2压缩机进行气动设计,通过求解三维定常可压缩雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程对所设计的压缩机性能进行了计算。结果表明:在设计工况下,SCO2压缩机的等熵效率为90.38%,总压比为2.97,并且在非设计工况下也具有较好的气动性能;三维数值模拟预测结果验证了大流量系数压缩机的气动设计和双区模型方法的有效性。研究工作对推动SCO2压缩机在舰船动力系统上的应用具有重要的参考价值。

摘要：通过原子制造技术构建独特的纳米尺度结构可能是改善金属玻璃(MG)薄膜机械性能的有效途径.在此,我们使用脉冲激光沉积作为原子制造策略,制备了一种Ta基金属玻璃.TaNi MG具有小尺寸纳米晶体(1-4纳米)弥散在非晶基体上的双相纳米结构,因此在压缩过程中表现出7.99 GPa的超高屈服强度和15.87 GPa的高硬度,并伴有80%的大塑性.纳米晶体和MG基体之间的相互作用,导致了多个剪切带的形成,从而贡献了高塑性和强度.研究发现,原子制造方法有利于直接调控薄膜材料的微观结构和微观构型,并进一步优化其性能.这项工作为通过原子尺度的结构设计来打破金属材料的强度-塑性权衡提供了一个实用的方法.