摘要：Membrane transporters mediate the influx and efflux of various drugs,and play essential roles in drug absorption,distribution,metabolism and excretion（ADME）.The unique characteristics of membranes transporters potentiate them as targets for developing drugs with ideal pharmacokinetics profiles,including targeted distribution,improved clinical efficacy and low adverse *** this review,we summarize the tissue-specific expression,transport functions and substrates profiles of the major influx and efflux transporters,including solute carrier（SLC） superfamily and adenosine triphosphate（ATP）-binding cassette（ABC） ***,we describe examples of successful drug or prodrug design based on the function of transporters that yielded drugs with excellent ADME ***,we discuss the in vitro and in vivo methods that are broadly applied in the drug designing process to study the interactions between the drugs and the transporters.

摘要：In order to have an in-depth understanding of road runoff characteristics and the linkages to their influential factors this paper investigates the road runoff quality in a city of South China *** rainfall events with different characteristics are monitored on a typical urban *** is noted that the road runoff quality is worse than Grade Ⅳ of environmental quality standards for surface *** means that the road runoff has posed a serious risk to water environment health. Furthermore the research outcomes indicate that first flush highly varies with rainfall patterns and pollutant *** means that for road runoff treatment design rainfall patterns as well as pollutant species should be taken into consideration and this is particularly essential to design first flush capturing devices. Additionally the threshold of an initial 3 to 5 mm rainfall depth is suggested to the first flush capturing device *** results provide useful suggestions to the effective road runoff treatment design.

摘要：The ground roll and body wave usually show significant differences in arrival time, frequency content, and polarization characteristics, and conventional polarization filters that operate in either the time or frequency domain cannot consider all these elements. Therefore, we have developed a time-frequency dependent polarization filter based on the S transform to attenuate the ground roll in seismic records. Our approach adopts the complex coefficients of the S transform of the multi-component seismic data to estimate the local polarization attributes and utilizes the estimated attributes to construct the filter function. In this study, we select the S transform to design this polarization filter because its scalable window length can ensure the same number of cycles of a Fourier sinusoid, thereby rendering more precise estimation of local polarization attributes. The results of applying our approach in synthetic and real data examples demonstrate that the proposed polarization filter can effectively attenuate the ground roll and successfully preserve the body wave.

摘要：A rally integrated receiver RF front-end that meets WCDMA/GSM system requirements is *** supports SAW-less operation for *** improve the linearity in terms of both IP3 and IP2,the RF front-end is comprised of multiple-gated LNAs with capacitive desensitization,current-mode passive mixers with the proposed IP2 calibration circuit and reconfigurable Tow-Thomas-like biquad TIAs.A new power-saving multi-mode divider with low phase noise is proposed to provide the 4-phase 25%-duty-cycle *** addition,a constant-g_m biasing with an on-chip resistor is adopted to make the conversion gain invulnerable to the process and temperature variations of the *** RF front-end is integrated in a receiver with an on-chip frequency synthesizer in 0.13μm *** measurement results show that owing to this high-linearity RF front-end,the receiver achieves -6 dBm IIP3 and better than ＋60 dBm IIP2 for all modes and bands.

摘要：合成生物学已成为《生物多样性公约》(以下简称《公约》)缔约方大会的重要谈判议题,但合成生物学生成物能否适用《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》(以下简称《议定书》)却尚未达成共识。在《公约》框架下提出“四层次分析+三步检验法”作为判断合成生物学生成物与《议定书》适用关系的方法:第一层次是活性生物体,与《议定书》界定的改性活生物体最相似,根据其所处发展阶段、生成物种类和所依赖的技术基础三步进行检验,以判断其是否适用《议定书》。第二层次是基因物质,如果其以生成生物实体为目的,那么可以将其纳入“活性生物体”范畴考虑,运用三步检验法进行具体分析。第三层次是生物系统,生物系统中的生物活体部分,可以适用《议定书》。第四层次是由合成生物技术生成的组成部分和产品,由DNA测序技术生成的组成部分和产品无需适用《议定书》;基于DNA合成技术、基因组设计、合成与组装、基因编辑技术生成的组成部分和产品,可以参照因物质层次的分析方法进行判断;基于元件工程、回路工程生成的组成部分和产品,由生物元件与基因回路组成后生成更高层级的生物系统且具有生成生物实体可能的部分,可以适用《议定书》。

摘要：A design and optimization approach of dynamic and control performance for a two-DOF planar manipulator was *** the kinematic and dynamic analysis,several advantages of the mechanism were illustrated,which made it possible to obtain good dynamic and control performances just through mechanism *** on the idea of design for control(DFC),a novel kind of multi-objective optimization model was *** were three optimization objectives:the index of inertia,the index describing the dynamic coupling effects and the global condition *** indexes to characterize the designing requirements such as the velocity of end-effector,the workspace size,and the first mode natural frequency were regarded as the *** cross-section area and length of the linkages were chosen as the design ***-II algorithm was introduced to solve this complex multi-objective optimization *** criteria from engineering experience were incorporated into the selecting of final parameters among the obtained Pareto solution ***,experiments were performed to validate the linear dynamic structure and control performances of the optimized mechanisms.A new expression for measuring the dynamic coupling degree with clear physical meaning was *** results show that the optimized mechanism has an approximate decoupled dynamics structure,and each active joint can be regarded as a linear SISO *** control performances of the linear and nonlinear controllers were also *** can be concluded that the optimized mechanism can achieve good control performance only using a linear controller.

摘要：In order to improve the strength and stiffness of shield cutterhead, the method of fuzzy mathematics theory in combination with the finite element analysis is adopted. An optimal design model of structural parameters for shield cutterhead is formulated,based on the complex engineering technical requirements. In the model, as the objective function of the model is a composite function of the strength and stiffness, the response surface method is applied to formulate the approximate function of objective function in order to reduce the solution scale of optimal problem. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to solve the cutterhead structure design problem and the change rule of the stress-strain with various structural parameters as well as their optimal values were researched under specific geological conditions. The results show that compared with original cutterhead structure scheme, the obtained optimal scheme of the cutterhead structure can greatly improve the strength and stiffness of the cutterhead, which can be seen from the reduction of its maximum equivalent stress by 21.2%, that of its maximum deformation by 0.75%, and that of its mass by 1.04%.

摘要：A time-to-digital convener （TDC） oaseo on a reset-tree anti anti-harmonic oelay-locKeo oop （DLL） circuit for wireless positioning systems is discussed and described. The DLL that generates 32-phase clocks and a cycle period detector is employed to avoid ＂false locking＂. Driven by multiphase clocks, an encoder detects pulses and outputs the phase of the clock when the pulse arrives. The proposed TDC was implemented in SMIC 0.18μm CMOS technology, and its core area occupies 0.7 x 0.55 mm2. The reference frequency ranges from 20 to 150 MHz. An LSB resolution of 521 ps can be achieved by using a reference clock of 60 MHz and the DNL is less than 4-0.75 LSB. It dissipates 31.5 mW at 1.8 V supply voltage.

摘要：The sliding-rolling mixed motion behavior degrades the ball screw’s precision at different *** on the sliding-rolling mixed motion between ball and screw/nut raceway,the ball screw’s precision loss considering different given axial loading and rotational speed working conditions was *** creep and lubrication relate to sliding and rolling motion wear,the creep and lubrication characteristics are analyzed under different working ***,the precision loss was calculated considering the sole influence of sliding behavior between ball and screw and compared with the results from other current ***,research on precision loss owing to the sliding-rolling mixed motion behavior was realized under given working conditions,and suitable wear tests were carried *** analytical results of precision loss are in good agreement with the experimental test conclusions,which is conducive to better predicting the law of precision loss in stable wear period.

摘要：Central composite design(CCD),together with multiple linear regression,was successfully used to optimize the electrophoretic buffer system of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography(MEKC) for the determination of albiflorin,paeoniflorin,liquiritin,and glycyrrhizic acid in the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescription,Yangwei *** of sodium deoxycholate(SDC) and borate,and proportions of ammonia,acetonitrile,and methanol were *** total resolutions of peaks between the analytes and their adjacent peaks in real samples were integrated into the evaluation index of separation *** optimum electrophoretic buffer contained 80 mmol/L SDC,20 mmol/L borate,5%(v/v) methanol,0.5%(v/v) ammonia,and 5%(v/v) *** correlation coefficients(R 2 ) between the peak areas and the corresponding concentrations of analytes were greater than *** limits of detection(LODs) (S/N=3) of the analytes were 0.97-4.00μg/*** results indicate the superiority of CCD in optimizing the separation conditions of complex samples such as TCM prescriptions.