摘要：Contemporary Chinese scholars proposed that China should construct modem Chinese aesthetic discourse system, therefore, we should attach great importance to China＇s own aesthetic development in 20th century and learn experience from it. There are four dimensions of learning. First, we should seek the origin of methods from Marxism. Second, the study should deeply rooted in Chinese traditional culture. Third, we should refer to ancient and modem Western aesthetic theories. Last but not the least, all the scholars should be encouraged to express their views freely and equally. The four dimensions, which plays an important role in constructing China＇s modem discourse of aesthetics, derived from the conclusion and experience of China＇s modem aesthetic development in 20th century.

摘要：本文从制度的视角构建一个政府支持公私合营模式(Public Private Partnership,PPP)程度的指数——PPP政府支持指数(PPP Governmental Support Index,GSI)——以评估政府规定的制度体系对在交通基础设施和其他行业引入和推广PPP具有何种程度的促进或阻碍作用。首先,基于大量文献综述界定PPP政府支持指数的要素,包括关于PPP的政策和政治承诺、法律和监管框架,以及精心设计的PPP支持安排。其次,计算20个欧洲国家的PPP政府支持指数,将其分类并比较各国政府对基础设施领域PPP支持程度的异同。再次,探讨20个欧洲国家的制度指数得分与基础设施领域PPP行为的潜在联系。最后,讨论当前的PPP政府支持指数的潜力、实用性以及方法局限性,并详细阐述如何将该指数用于加强交通或其他领域PPP的比较研究中。

摘要：竞争性工作量是依据期望理论中的努力、绩效、奖励和需要这四个因素而设立,教师根据自己的目标需求,根据自己的特长,通过个人努力,创造性劳动而获得报酬。由于竞争性工作量不是常规工作量,而是创造性工作量,在绩效工资改革中引入竞争性工作量,就能把创造性劳动、工作完成质量、工作效益三者紧密结合起来。

摘要：本文认为建筑学家弗雷德里克·基斯勒和生物符号课题相互关联,二者共同奠定了导向建筑一生物符号学的范式框架。该范式用生物符号学理论来认知建成环境,提供了一种形塑建成环境的方法,支撑（并有利于）人类以及有机体的空间智能。于克斯库尔的环境中的机体,可能是解决内-外问题的基石。皮尔斯的符号模式和符号理论则强调为什么认知和内-外的综合是符号阐释的条件。差异原则,即贝特森生态立场的基础,将两者相连,形成生物符号学课题。本文重点讨论奥地利裔美籍建筑师、理论家、剧院设计师、艺术家和雕塑家弗雷德里克基斯勒（1890—1965）,他毕生的事业是通过建筑来统一各门科学和艺术。无论是在理论上还是在实践上,他都率先具体描绘出了沟通人文科学与生物符号学的桥梁。他的中心观点是＂延续性＂,从这一观点他提出了＂无尽的空间＂这个概念。他的观念不同于与他同时代的那些人,那些人对无限空间的看法代表着当时现代主义的理念。＂联系＂是基斯勒的关联主义宣言,它提供了一个在人文科学,尤其是在建筑设计和建筑理论中具体应用生物符号学思想的具体方法。

摘要：The legislative evolution of labour rules and regulations in China presents a track of development from individual autonomy to collective autonomy. Although article 4 of the Labour Contract Law of the People＇s Republic of China defines the rules and regulations as the system of regulating the working conditions from the perspective of individual autonomy at present, the ＂determination based on the consultation on equal terms ＂ reflects a possibility of the development toward a regulatory mechanism from the perspective of collective autonomy. Such ＂ambiguous ＂ legislation has triggered a number of debates on legal issues related to the ＂unilateral determination by the management＂ or ＂co-determination by the management and the labour＂. Therefore, based on the strict distinctions between the two regulatory mechanisms of the working conditions, which are the individual autonomy and collective autonomy, the legislature in China should incorporate labour rules and regulations into the legislative framework of collective labour relationship which should focus on the formulation procedure, regulatory content and legal effect. It shall conduct an institutional design on the rules and regulations meticulously, which could connect and coordinate with the collective labour contract law system, so as to develop a sound ＂dual-track＂ collective labour law system in China.

摘要：The“Productivity”of literary criticism refers to the composition of the literary organization that constitutes the text and its contradictions and deficiencies in the reading activities,and actively explores the meaning of the text,and discovers what is not spoken in the text,and separates the meaning of the text,that is,criticism is an interpretation of practice and productive *** the 20th century,Althusser,Macherey,Jameson,and Eagleton have revealed the complex relationship between text form and ideology and social history,aiming at clarifying the process of text structure participating in the entire literary *** creativity and constructiveness of productive criticism is also in line with the trend of contemporary literary criticism from textual criticism to cultural *** reason why criticism is productive is that it can roughly seek the reasons for its existence from the aspects of linguistics,reception aesthetics and paradigm.

摘要：As a psychoanalytic philosopher,Zizek shows great interest in such Pre-Qin thoughts as Confucianism and philosophy of Chuang Tzu,and relates them to Lacanian *** the psychoanalytic analysis of“butterfly”image in The Butterfly Dream,*** and so on,Zizek interprets ancient Confucian culture,thus visualizes the image of ancient China as an existing“Other”to the *** Chinese butterfly image and cultural mirror image have some kind of fundamental ***'s analysis of butterfly image,we can see how he conceptualizes ancient China by constructing the fantasy of butterfly,and how western scholars understand modern China through the mirror image of the *** howZizek views China can provide us with a perspective to reflect upon cultural exchange between China and the West.

摘要：随着我国近代科技的飞速发展,当代大学生课堂注意力受信息化与网络化的影响越来越显著。基于此,文章首先总结分析了提高当代大学生课堂注意力的方式;其次介绍了课堂应答系统的内涵;然后提出了基于雨课堂应答系统的问答方案设计方法;最后将文章提出的问答方案设计方法应用到实际教学中。通过问卷方式,调查了学生对问答方案提升注意力效果的看法,并总结了多名授课教师对本次实施方案的评价。

摘要：从服务创新的发展阶段和发展类型两个方面,对服务创新研究进行了脉络梳理,在此基础上探讨了现有研究的不足和未来研究方向。

摘要：知识科学已经产生了研究成果,如知识转化理论、知识系统化方法和知识创造力开发方法。预计近期研究者将在重大自然科学领域,在现有知识科学的协助下,获得创造性的理论研究成果。为此,必须建立一个“Ba”或者一种情境,它可以支持科学知识创新的发展和实践。文章在i系统和三重螺旋模型的基础上,提出一个研究能力和研究环境的一览表,旨在设计和评价学术团体技术创新的“Ba”。文章采用调查问卷形式,对象是知识和信息科学研究领域的研究生的研究能力及其环境。文章运用模糊对应分析方法进行数据分析,并向管理人员提供有益的数据解释和说明。