摘要：The female reproductive system consists of the ovaries,the female gonads,and the reproductive tract organs of the fallopian tubes,uterus,cervix,and *** functions to provide hormonal support and anatomical structure for the production of new offspring.A number of endogenous and exogenous factors can impact female reproductive health and fertility,including genetic vulnerability,medications,environmental exposures,age,nutrition,and *** date,due to the ethical concerns of using human subjects in biomedical research,the majority of studies use in vivo animal models and 2D cell/tissue culture models to study female ***,the complexity and species difference of the female reproductive system in humans make it difficult to compare to those of ***,the monolayered cells cultured on flat plastics or glass lose their 3D architecture as well as the physical and/or biochemical contacts with other cells in ***,all reproductive organs do not work alone but interconnect with each other and also with non-reproductive organs to support female reproductive,endocrine,and systemic *** facts suggest that there is an urgent and unmet need to develop representative,effective,and efficient in vitro models for studying human female *** prodigious advancements of bioengineering(e.g.,biomaterials,3D printing,and organ-on-a-chip)allow us to study female reproduction in an entirely new ***,we review recent advances that use bioengineering methods to study female reproduction,including the bioengineering models of the ovary,fallopian tube,uterus,embryo implantation,placenta,and reproductive disease.

摘要：Paper devices have recently attracted considerable attention as a class of cost-effective cell culture substrates for various biomedical *** paper biomaterial can be used to partially mimic the in vivo cell microenvironments mainly due to its natural three-dimensional *** paper-based devices provide precise control over their structures as well as cell distributions,allowing recapitulation of certain interactions between the cells and the extracellular *** features have shown great potential for the development of normal and diseased human tissue *** this review,we discuss the fabrication of paper-based devices for in vitro tissue modeling,as well as the applications of these devices toward drug screening and personalized *** is believed that paper as a biomaterial will play an essential role in the field of tissue model engineering due to its unique performances,such as good biocompatibility,eco-friendliness,cost-effectiveness,and amenability to various biodesign and manufacturing needs.

摘要：We report the development of a metastasis-on-a-chip platform to model and track hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)-bone metastasis and to analyze the inhibitory effect of an herb-based compound,thymoquinone(TQ),in hindering the migration of liver cancer cells into the bone *** bioreactor consisted of two chambers,one accommodating encapsulated HepG2 cells and one bone-mimetic niche containing hydroxyapatite(HAp).Above these chambers,amicroporous membrane was placed to resemble the vascular barrier,where medium was circulated over the *** was observed that the liver cancer cells proliferated inside the tumor microtissue and disseminated from the HCC chamber to the circulatory flow and eventually entered the bone *** number of metastatic HepG2 cells to the bone compartment was remarkably higher in the presence of HAp in the *** was then used as ametastasis-controlling agent in both free form and encapsulated nanoparticles,to analyze its suppressing effect on HCC *** indicated that the nanoparticle-encapsulated TQ provided a longer period of inhibitory *** summary,HCC-bone metastasis-on-a-chip platform was demonstrated to model certain key aspects of the cancer metastasis process,hence corroborating the potential of enabling investigations on metastasis-associated biology as well as improved anti-metastatic drug screening.

摘要：MicroRNAs（miRNAs） are a population of highly conserved specific small ribo-regulators that negatively regulate gene expressions in both plants and *** play a key role in post-transcriptional gene regulation by destabilizing the target gene transcripts or blocking protein translation from ***,these negative regulators are largely compromised by an upstream layer of negative regulators ＂target mimics＂ found in plants or ＂endogenous competing RNAs＂ revealed recently in *** endogenous regulatory mechanisms of ＂double negatives making a positive＂ have now been developed into a key strategy in the study of small RNA functions. This review presents some reflections on the long journey to the short tandem target mimic（STTM） for selective destruction/blockage of specific miRNAs in plants and animals,and the potential applications of STTM are discussed.

摘要：Rapid formation of a continuous endothelial cell(EC)monolayer with healthy endothelium function on the luminal surface of vascular implants is imperative to improve the longtime patency of small-diameter vascular *** the present study,we combined the contact guidance effects of aligned nanofibers,which enhance EC adhesion and proliferation because of its similar fiber scale with native vascular basement membranes,and aligned microfibers,which could induce EC elongation effectively and allow ECs *** was followed by successive immobilization of collagen IV and laminin to fabricate a biomimetic basement membrane(BBM)with structural and compositional *** hemolysis assay and platelet adhesion results showed that the BBM exhibited excellent ***,the adhered human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)onto theBBMaligned along the orientation of the microfibers with an elongated morphology,and the data demonstrated that the BBM showed favorable effects on EC attachment,proliferation,and *** oriented EC monolayer formed on the BBM exhibited improved antithrombotic capability as indicated by higher production of nitric oxide and prostacyclin(PGI2).Furthermore,fluorescence images indicated that HUVECs could infiltrate into the BBM,implying theBBM’s ability to enhance transmural ***,theBBMpossessed the properties to regulate ECbehaviors and allow transmural ingrowth,demonstrating the potential to be applied as the luminal surface of small-diameter vascular implants for rapid endothelialization.

摘要：To make the Kaplan turbine technology comparable to both the Pelton and the Francis turbine,the master equation for the Kaplan turbine has been established by analyses similar to that-for the Francis *** analysis begins with the descriptions of free vortex flows at the runner inlet and the swirl flow at the impeller *** considering the Euler equation for specific work and by further evaluating the most significant shock and swirling losses,the first and the second energy equations in the form of hydraulic efficiency were *** master equation is then established by combining both energy *** addition,three design equations and a new design parameter are *** master equation relates the turbine hydromechanics to the geometrical design of both the runner and the guide-vane *** enables the complete hydraulic characteristics of a given Kaplan turbine to be analytically and simply computed.A computation example demonstrates the functionality and applicability of the *** the reconstructed master equation,the runaway speed of the Kaplan turbine and its dependence on the guide-vane setting can be easily and precisely *** bulb turbines with guide vanes directly ahead of the turbine runner in the same tube,all computations are also applicable using another equivalent control parameter.

摘要：The design and synthesis of bio-nano hybrid materials can not only provide new materials with novel properties, but also advance our fundamental understanding of interactions between biomolecules and their abiotic counterparts. Here, we report a new approach to achieving such a goal by growing CdS quantum dots （QDs） within single crystals of lysozyme protein. This bio-nano hybrid emitted much stronger red fluorescence than its counterpart without the crystal, and such fluorescence properties could be either enhanced or suppressed by the addition of Ag（I） or Hg（II）, respectively. The three-dimensional incorporation of CdS QDs within the lysozyme crystals was revealed by scanning transmission electron microscopy with electron tomography. More importantl~ since our approach did not disrupt the crystalline nature of the lysozyme crystals, the metal and protein interactions were able to be studied by X-ray crystallography, thus providing insight into the role of Cd（II） in the CdS QDs formation.

摘要：目的 研究摄入含糖软饮料和果糖与男性痛风发生风险之间的关系。设计 历时12年的前瞻性队列研究。地点 医务人员随诊研究。参与者 46393例无痛风病史的男性，通过填写经验证有效的食物频度调查表，提供他们摄入软饮料和果糖的信息。结局评估指标 符合美国风湿病学院痛风调查标准的痛风新发病例。结果 在12年的随访中，共报告新发痛风确诊病例755例。含糖软饮料摄入增多和痛风危险性升高相关。与每月饮用不足一份含糖软饮料相比，每周饮用5～6份的人发生痛风的多变量相对危险度是1．29（95％可信区间1．00～1．68），每天一份的是1．45（1．02～2．08），每天两份或两份以上的是1．85（1．08～3．16；趋势P值=0．002）。无糖软饮料和痛风发生的危险性无关（趋势P值=0．99）。摄入果糖每增加五分之一，相应的痛风发生的多变量相对危险度为1．00、1．29、1．41、1．84和2．02（1．49～2．75；趋势P值〈0．001）。摄入果糖的其他主要来源，比如所有种类的果汁或富含果糖的水果（苹果和橘子），也和痛风发生的风险升高相关（趋势P值〈0．05）。结论 前瞻性数据提示摄入含糖软饮料和果糖与男性痛风发生风险升高显著相关。另外，富含果糖的水果和果汁也可以增加其危险性。无糖软饮料和痛风发生的危险性无关。

摘要：研究目的调查伊朗北部古丽斯坦（Golestan）省居民饮茶习惯与食管鳞状细胞癌发病危险之间的关系。研究设计基于人群的病例对照研究。此外，在一项队列研究中评估健康受试者的饮茶模式及其饮用时的茶温。研究地点伊朗北部古丽斯坦省，该地区为食管鳞状细胞癌高发地区。研究对象300例经组织学确诊的食管鳞状细胞癌患者和571名相匹配的邻居对照者人组病例对照研究，48582名健康受试者入组队列研究。主要转归指标与饮用热茶相关的食管鳞状细胞癌发病危险的比值比（OR）。研究结果队列研究中几乎所有受试者（98％）均规律饮用红茶，平均摄人量为1升／天。39．0％的受试者饮用时的茶温低于60℃，38．9％为60～64℃，22．0％为65℃或更高。受试者报告的茶温与实际测量值为中等一致（加权K值为0．49）。病例对照研究的结果显示，与饮用微温茶或温茶相比，饮用热茶（OR=2．07，95％可信区间为1．28—3．35）或者极热茶（8．16，3．93～16．9）与食管癌发病危险增高相关。同样地，与冲泡后4分钟或更长时间再饮用相比，冲泡后2—3分钟饮用（2．49，1．62～3．83）或者冲泡后2分钟内饮用（5．41，2．63～11．1）与食管癌发病危险增高相关。饮茶温度与泡茶到饮茶的时间间隔高度一致（加权κ值为0．68）。研究结论古丽斯坦省居民饮用热茶的习惯与当地食管癌的较高发病危险之间具有强相关性。