摘要：In the context of the current serious problems related to energy demand and climate change,substantial progress has been made in developing a sustainable energy *** hydrogen-water conversion is an ideal energy system that can produce fuels via sustainable,fossil-free ***,the energy conversion efficiency of two functioning technologies in this energy system—namely,water electrolysis and the fuel cell—still has great scope for *** review analyzes the energy dissipation of water electrolysis and the fuel cell in the hydrogen-water energy system and discusses the key barriers in the hydrogen-and oxygen-involving reactions that occur on the catalyst *** means of the scaling relations between reactive intermediates and their apparent catalytic performance,this article summarizes the frameworks of the catalytic activity trends,providing insights into the design of highly active electrocatalysts for the involved reactions.A series of structural engineering methodologies(including nano architecture,facet engineering,polymorph engineering,amorphization,defect engineering,element doping,interface engineering,and alloying)and their applications based on catalytic performance are then introduced,w让h an emphasis on the rational guidance from previous theoretical and experimental *** key scientific problems in the electrochemical hydrogen-water conversion system are outlined,and future directions are proposed for developing advanced catalysts for technologies with high energy-conversion efficiency.

摘要：First-principles calculations were performed to investigate the structures and energetics of {101n} coherent twin boundaries(CTBs) and glide twin boundaries(GTBs) in hexagonal close-packed(hcp) Ti. The formation mechanism of GTBs and their correlation with twin growth were fundamentally explored. Results suggested that GTBs can form from the gliding of CTBs, through their interaction with basal stacking fault. The gliding eventually restored the CTB structures by forming a pair of single-layer twinning disconnections. The pile-up of twinning disconnections should be responsible for the wide steps at twin boundaries as observed in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which can further promote twin growth. Possible effects of various alloying elements on pinning twin boundaries were also evaluated, to guide the strengthening design of Ti alloys.

摘要：Incorporating functional molecules into molecular junc- tions as active components is a topic of major interest in the field of molecular electronics [1-7]. Many efforts have been devoted to fabricating switchable molecular elec- tronic devices that are responsive to external stimuli [8,9]. Among various stimuli （e.g., redox process [ 10], pH[ 11 ], magnetic field [12]）, light offers a dean, non-invasive, low-cost and easily addressable way for triggering mole- cular switches in electrical devices [13,14].

摘要：The low cycle fatigue behavior of zirconium−titanium−steel composite plate under symmetrical and asymmetric stress control was *** effects of mean stress and stress amplitude on cyclic deformation,ratcheting effect and damage mechanism were discussed in *** results show that under symmetric stress control,the forward ratcheting deformation is *** asymmetric stress control,the ratcheting strain increases rapidly with mean stress and stress amplitude *** high stress amplitude,the influence of mean stress is more *** addition,by studying the variation of strain energy density,it is found that the stress amplitude mainly promotes the fatigue damage,while the mean stress leads to the ratcheting *** addition,fractographic observation shows that the crack initiates in the brittle metal compound at the interface,and the steel has higher resistance to crack ***,the accuracy of life prediction model considering ratcheting effect is discussed in detail,and a high-precision life prediction model directly based on mean stress and stress amplitude is proposed.

摘要：The direct catalytic conversion of syngas to aromatics offers a promising route to manufacture fine chemicals by employing non-petroleum carbon resources,because aromatic constituents are the key platform for producing ***,this remains a great challenge due to the low yield of aromatics and poor catalyst stability,which restrict further *** recent years,extensive research has been reported on the design of effective catalysts and the optimization of operating conditions to obtain better catalytic *** this review,we focus on these related achievements and present a comprehensive overview of different kinds of catalysts,mainly including modified Fischer-Tropsch(FT)catalysts and composite catalysts,as well as their performance and reaction *** thermodynamic analysis of the reactions involved in this innovative conversion process and the comparison of different methods are also described in detail in this updated ***,the challenges and prospects for direct syngas conversion are discussed to provide general guidelines for the construction of a well-designed reaction route.

摘要：The past 5 years have witnessed the rapid development of organic solar cells based on nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs)[1-26].The state-of-the-art NFA-based single-junction and tandem solar cells afforded 18.22%(certified 17.6%)and 17.36%(certified 17.29%)power conversion efficiencies(PCEs),respectively[27,28].Wide-bandgap(WBG)polymer donors are ideal partners for *** present complementary absorption with that of low-bandgap NFAs and deep the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)***,solar cells based on a WBG polymer and a NFA can generate high short-circuit current density(Jsc)and open-circuit voltage(Voc)[29].Meanwhile,some WBG polymers show high crystallinity and mobility,gifting the solar cells high fill factors(FF)[30].Recently,our group first reported efficient WBG D-A copolymer donors based on fused-ring aromatic lactone(FRAL)acceptor units.

摘要：Surface tailoring of Pt-based nanocatalysts is an effective pathway to promote their electrocatalytic performance and ***,we report two kinds of one-dimensional(1D)ultrafine PtCu nanowires(smooth surface&rugged surface)synthesized via a wet chemical method and their distinct catalytic performances in electro-oxidation of *** alloyed PtCu nanowires having rough surfaces with atomic steps exhibit superior catalytic activity toward multiple electrochemical reactions compared with the smooth *** functional theory simulations show the excellent reactivity of rugged PtCu na-nowires and attribute it to the surface synergetic Pt-Cu site which accounts for the promotion of water dissociation and the dehydrogenation of the carboxyl *** current study provides an insight into reasonable design of alloy nanocatalysts in energy-related electrocatalytic systems.

摘要：Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs)could combine the virtues of high power capability of conventional supercapacitors and high energy density of lithium-ion ***,the lack of high-performance electrode materials and the kinetic imbalance between the positive and negative electrodes are the major *** this study,Fe3O4 nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen-rich carbon(Fe3O4@NC)were prepared through a self-assembly of the colloidal Fe OOH with polyaniline(PANI)followed by *** to the well-designed nanostructure,conductive nitrogen-rich carbon shells,abundant micropores and high specific surface area,Fe3O4@NC-700 delivers a high capacity,high rate capability and long cycling *** analyses of the redox reactions reveal the pseudocapacitive mechanism and the feasibility as negative material in LIC devices.A novel LIC was constructed with Fe3O4@NC-700 as the negative electrode and expanded graphene(EGN)as the positive *** wellmatched two electrodes effectively alleviate the kinetic imbalance between the positive and negative *** a result,Fe3O4@NC-700//EGN LIC exhibits a wide operating voltage window,and thus achieves an ultrahigh energy density of 137.5 W h kg^-*** results provide fundamental insights into the design of pseudocapacitive electrode and show future research directions towards the next generation energy storage devices.

摘要：Chirality is a unique phenomenon in nature. Chiral interactions play an important role in biological and physiological process- es, which provides much inspiration for scientists to develop cbiral materials. As a breakthrough from traditional materials, bi- ointerface materials based on chiral polymers have attracted increasing interest over the past few years. Such materials ele- gantly combine the advantages of chiral surfaces and traditional polymers, and provide a novel solution not only for the inves- tigation of chiral interaction mechanisms but also for the design of biomaterials with diverse applications, such as in tissue en- gineering and biocompatible materials, bioregulation, chiral separation and chiral sensors. Herein, we summarize recent ad- vances in the study of chiral effects and applications of chiral polymer-based biointerface materials, and also present some challenges and perspectives.

摘要：Organic persistent room-temperature phosphorescent(RTP)materials are promising for applications requiring the secure recording and anti-counterfeiting features owing to their appealing optical *** critical challenges,such as the difficulty to obtain high-quality patterns over large areas and low security levels,need to be addressed to meet the requirements for commercial ***,we prepared a series of quaternary phosphonium salts with different alkyl chains,which showed interesting organic persistent *** ionic characteristics and the alkyl chains of these molecules impart abundant weak intermolecular *** confers the molecules a high crystallinity,which helps to preserve the persistent RTP properties and cover large ***,the RTP lifetime of these organic salts varies over a wide range(1.27 to 884.71 ms)and can be tuned by simply changing the alkyl chain length and counterions,which opens new possibilities in multi-level information encryption *** is believed that the engineering of organic salts with tunable persistent RTP lifetimes and large-area printing can promote early-stage demonstrations of security applications into mature commercialization.