摘要：单细胞层面的蛋白质组学研究极具挑战.本文报道了一种简单、快速的单细胞蛋白质组学方法(Mad-CASP),创新地设计了一套质谱兼容的合成肽段:(1)样品制备过程中,合成肽段的包被可以有效地减少样品损失;(2)质谱数据采集时,合成肽段的信号被摒除,对样品信号无影响;(3)全流程无需特殊设备,可在3~4小时内完成96孔样品的高通量制备.结合图谱库和新的质谱数据采集模式,Mad-CASP技术可从单个HeLa细胞中鉴定出124093个蛋白质.随后利用Mad-CASP技术分析了来自健康人和冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(CTO)患者的240个外周血CD34^(+)单细胞.基于单细胞蛋白图谱,本研究首次揭示外周血CD34^(+)细胞的功能亚型,证实其在CTO进展中的“双刃剑”作用,提示靶向乙醛脱氢酶2在CTO治疗中的潜在作用.综上,本研究利用Mad-CASP技术首次解析了循环CD34^(+)细胞的单细胞蛋白质图谱,提示Mad-CASP技术在稀缺临床样本的单细胞蛋白质组学检测方面极具潜力.

摘要：We constructed a single C-Bézier curve with a shape parameter for G2 joining two circular arcs. It was shown that an S-shaped transition curve, which is able to manage a broader scope about two circle radii than the Bézier curves, has no curvature extrema, while a C-shaped transition curve has a single curvature extremum. Regarding the two kinds of curves, specific algo- rithms were presented in detail, strict mathematical proofs were given, and the effectiveness of the method was shown by examples. This method has the following three advantages: (1) the pattern is unified; (2) the parameter able to adjust the shape of the tran- sition curve is available; (3) the transition curve is only a single segment, and the algorithm can be formulated as a low order equation to be solved for its positive root. These advantages make the method simple and easy to implement.

摘要：Audible noise from high voltage transmission lines’ corona discharge has become one of the decisive factors affecting design of high voltage transmission lines, thus it is very important to study the spatial propagation characteristics of audible noise for its accurate pre- diction. A calculation model for the propagation of audible noise is presented in this paper, which is based on the basic equation of the sound wave and can involve the influences of the atmosphere absorption and ground effects. The effects of different ground impedances and the atmospheric attenuation on the distribution of sound pressure level are discussed in this paper. The results show that the atmospheric absorp- tion may increase the attenuation of the audible noise, and the ground surface affects both the amplitude and phase of the sound. The spatial distribution fluctuates considering the ground effects. The atmospheric attenuation and the ground effect are closely related to the frequency of the noise. In the frequency range of the audible noise, the influence of atmospheric attenuation on the spatial propagation characteristics is more obvious in high frequency while ground has significant influences in low frequency.

摘要：科学正在进入一个新时代——第五范式——它被认为是知识整合到不同领域的主要特征,是基于无所不在的机器学习系统的计算社区中智能驱动的工作。在此,我们通过在天河一号超级计算机系统上构建的催化材料专门设计的典型平台案例,生动地阐明了第五范式的本质,旨在促进第五范式在其他领域的培养。第五范式平台主要包括模型自动构建(原始数据提取)、指纹自动构建(神经网络特征选择)以及跨学科知识串联的重复迭代(“火山图”)。与分解一起进行的是对迭代中实现的体系结构的性能评估。通过讨论,第五范式的智能驱动平台可以极大地简化和改进研究中极其繁琐和具有挑战性的工作,并通过补偿机器学习中缺少样本和替代一些由于计算资源不足而导致的数值计算来实现数值计算与机器学习之间的相互反馈,从而加速探索过程。在数据驱动的学科中,跨学科专家的协同作用和对动态数据需求的急剧增长仍然是一个挑战。我们相信,对第五范式平台的一瞥可以为其在其他领域的应用铺平道路。

摘要：Based on gradient control of carbon partitioning between martensite and austenite during heat treatment of steels,a stepping-quenching-partitioning(S-Q-P) process is developed for high strength *** S-Q-P process involves several quenching processes at progressively lower temperatures between martensite-start(Ms) and martensite-finish(Mf) temperatures,each followed by a partitioning treatment at either the initial quenching temperature or above that temperature.A novel microstructure is designed based on the S-Q-P *** and distributions of retained austenite and high-carbon martensite surrounded by martensite laths can be manipulated by the partitioning duration and temperature,and quenching temperature of the S-Q-P *** element Si is employed in the S-Q-P steel to suppress formation of carbides and create suitable amount of retained austenite.A steel of 0.39C-1.22Mn-1.12Si-0.23Cr(wt.%) treated by the S-Q-P process is endowed with some special microstructural characteristics:some strips of retained austenite located at edges of martensite blocks with high density of dislocations and between martensite laths,some small blocks of twinned martensites distributed among bundles of the low-carbon martensite *** mechanical properties of the medium carbon steel after the S-Q-P process can reach ultimate tensile strength(Rm) of 1240 MPa,total elongation(EI) of 25%,and product of strength and ductility(PSD) of 31.2 GPa% that are much more improved than those after the conventional quenching-tempering(Q-T) and currently prevailing quenching-partitioning(Q-P) *** PSD of the tested steel after the S-Q-P process increases by 67% and 32% as compared with those after the Q-T and Q-P processes,respectively.

摘要：高界面能电解液界面有助于更大的锂成核胚胎和更稳定的界面,因此界面能对于高度可逆的锂沉积/剥离极为重要.本文设计了一种高界面能的人工固体电解质界面(SEI),将丰富的LiF嵌入PAMPS-Li聚合物网络中,同时实现有利的锂成核和快速Li^(+)去溶剂化.LiF(001)中的Li-F键与Li原子有更强的离子偶极作用,与其他成分相比具有更高的界面能.当锂生长表面能和总界面能达到平衡时,具有丰富LiF的高界面能SEI可以促进更大的锂金属成核胚胎.此外,将阴离子固定的PAMPS-Li与锂的相互作用较弱,具有较高的聚合物-锂界面能,其具有的酰胺基和磺酸基与Li^(+)表现出更高的结合能.因此,高界面能的PAMPS-Li可以促进Li^(+)轻易地脱离溶剂鞘,并减少解溶能垒.基于高界面能的异质结构SEI的协同改性,实现了高度可逆的锂沉积行为,并限制了副反应的发生.最重要的是,具有低N/P比(1.67)的多层锂金属软包电池(330 Wh kg^(-1))的循环寿命长达100次以上,验证了其潜在的实际应用.

摘要：High-speed trains have very complex running environments,which contain single-train running in open air,two-trains passing by in open air,single-train running in tunnel and two-trains passing by in *** the environment wind appears,crosswind effects must be *** design of high-speed trains mainly aims at the drag,lift,moment,impulse pressure waves,aerodynamic noise,*** typical running *** the paper,the aerodynamic design processes of CRH380A and 380B are introduced and the aerodynamic performances of different designs are analyzed and *** tunnel experiments and running tests indicate that the new generation of high-speed trains have excellent aerodynamic performances.

摘要：玻璃形成能力是金属玻璃领域中长期存在的问题,它极大地限制了金属玻璃的最大铸造尺寸和广泛应用.在本研究中,我们报道了超声辅助快速冷焊接块体金属玻璃的方法.在不需要焊料的情况下,通过20,000赫兹的高频振动实现了不同组分金属玻璃的结合,并且保证了金属玻璃的非晶态特性.超声技术有低温低压快速焊接的优点,其中焊接温度接近室温,压强小于1 MPa,焊接时间小于1 s.根据观察到的现象,随着金属玻璃氧化层的不断破裂,金属玻璃被超声振动激活并通过破裂的氧化层扩散到基体中,同时超声振动加速了扩散的过程,最终实现金属玻璃界面的稳定结合.这种普适性的超声辅助焊接工艺可以实现金属玻璃的大块化,以及不同组分的非晶态复合材料与新性能的设计.

摘要：粒子图象 velocimetry 技术被用来分析后面的旋涡并且阐明他们与在 0.48 m 直径的一辆搅动的坦克的骚乱性质的关系，由四台不同磁盘汽轮机，包括的 Rushton 汽轮机， concaved 片磁盘汽轮机，半椭圆的片磁盘汽轮机，和寓言的片鼓动了磁盘汽轮机。impeller 片附近的平均阶段、解决阶段的流动领域被测量，后面的旋涡的结构详细被学习。旋涡的地点，尺寸和力量被简化 2 标准决定，结果证明片形状在后面的旋涡特征上有大效果。更大的弯曲在 impeller 尖端，在上面、更低的旋涡之间的更大的距离和更长的旋涡生活导致了旋涡的更长的住处时间，也导致更小、更强壮的旋涡。另外，在分泌物流动的狂暴的动能和狂暴的精力驱散坚定、讨论。高狂暴的动能和狂暴的精力驱散区域在上面、更低的旋涡之间被定位并且与他们一起移动了。尽管限制了挑选阶段流动，介绍结果为有圆盘汽轮机的搅动的坦克的可靠设计和按比例增加是必要的。

摘要：We propose an effective method to design the working parameters of a pulse-driven charge qubit implemented with double quantum *** is shown that intrinsic qubit population leakage to undesired states in the control and measurement process can be determined by the simulation of coherent dynamics of the qubit and minimized by choosing proper working parameters such as pulse *** result demonstrated here bodes well for future quantum gate operations and quantum computing applications.