摘要：Two full-length genomic cDNA clones, pTA/FMDV and pCA/FMDV, were constructed that contained three point-mutants [A174G and A308G (not present in pTA/FMDV); T1029G] in the genome compared with the wild type A/AKT/58 strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus. These two viruses were rescued by co-transfection of pCA/FMDV with pCT7RNAP, which can express T7 RNA polymerase in BHK-21 cell-lines, or by transfection of the in vitro transcribed RNA. Their biological properties were analyzed for their antigenicity, virulence in suckling-mice (LD50) and growth kinetics in BHK-21 cells. The in vivo rescued viruses showed high pathogenicity for 3-day-old unweaned mice (LD50=10?7.5). However, the in vitro transcribed RNA derived from pTA/FMDV had lower pathogenicity for suckling-mice (LD50=10?6), and the in vivo transcribed RNA recovered from pCA/FMDV co-transfected with pCT7RNAP showed no significant differences from the wild type virus. These data showed that recovery of the infectious foot-and-mouth disease virus directly from the use of in vivo techniques was better than from in vitro methods. Furthermore, the reverse genetic procedure technique was simplified to a faster one-step procedure based on co-transfection with pCT7RNAP. These results suggest that in vivo RNA tran- scripts may be more valuable for engineering recombinant foot-and-mouth disease virus than in vitro RNA transcripts, and may contribute to further understanding of the biological properties, such as replication, maturation and quasispecies, of the foot-and-mouth disease virus.

摘要：Conceptual design, data model and key techniques of "Geo-engineer 3D assistant", an underground 3D GIS oriented to geology and mine application, were discussed. In particular, the importance of high-order smoothing triangular pieces to surface's fine expression in geological modeling was emphasized. The contour mode is the most favorite mode of the three modes about surface expression: DEM, TIN and contour. Topology in underground 3D modeling with CAGD was compared. From the view of boundary and coboundary, which is soul of IS 19107 (Geographic information spatial schema), 3D underground topology was re-examined.

摘要：An in situ calibration system is a versatile exploration instrument for electrochemical sensors investigating the biochemical properties of the marine environment. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design of an auto-calibrating system for electrochemical (pH) sensors, which permits two-point in situ calibration, suitable for long-term measurement in deep sea aqueous environments. Holding multiple sensors, the instrument is designed to perform long-term measurements and in situ calibrations at abyssal depth (up to 4000 m). The instrument is composed of a compact fluid control system which is pressure-equilibrated and designed for deep-sea operation. In situ calibration capability plays a key role in the quality and reproducibility of the data. This paper focuses on methods for extending the lifetime of the instrument, considering the fluidics design, mechanical design, and low-power consumption of the electronics controller. The instrument can last 46 d under normal operating conditions, fulfilling the need for long-term operation. Data concerning pH measured during the KNOX18RR cruise (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, July-August, 2008) illustrate the desirable properties of the instrument. Combined with different electrodes (pH, H2, H2S, etc.), it should be of great utility for the study of deep ocean environments, including water column and diffuse-flow hydrothermal fluids.

摘要：The Chinese global carbon dioxide monitoring satellite （TanSat） was launched successfully in December 2016 and has completed its on-orbit tests and calibration. TanSat aims to measure the atmospheric column-averaged dry air mole fractions of carbon dioxide （XCO2） with a precision of 4 ppm at the regional scale, and in addition, to derive global and regional CO2 fluxes. Progress towards these objectives is reviewed and the first scientific results from TanSat measurements are presented. TanSat on-orbit tests indicate that the Atmospheric Carbon dioxide GratingSpectrometer is in normal working status and is beginning to produce LIB products. The preliminary TanSat XCO2 products have been retrieved by an algorithm and compared to NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 （OCO-2） measurements during an over- lapping observation period. Furthermore, the XCO2 retrievals have been validated against eight groundsite measurement datasets from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network, for which the preliminary conclusion is that TanSat has met the precision design requirement, with an average bias of 2.11 ppm. The first scientific observations are presented, namely, the seasonal distributions of XCO2 over land on a global scale.

摘要：An adaptive output feedback control was proposed to deal with a class of nonholonomic systems in chained form with strong nonlinear disturbances and drift terms. The objective was to design adaptive nonlinear output feedback laws such that the closed-loop systems were globally asymptotically stable, while the estimated parameters remained bounded. The proposed systematic strategy combined input-state-scaling with backstepping technique. The adaptive output feedback controller was designed for a general case of uncertain chained system. Furthermore, one special case was considered. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.

摘要：The investigation of the multimode beamforming network （BFN） has been developed from its scattering matrix （S-matrix） analysis. A substrate integrated waveguide （SIW） BFN is designed and fabricated on a single Rogers 5880 substrate. This device is not only marked by features of conventional BFN, such as Butler matrix, but also has additional benefits, e.g. more compact configuration and higher radiation efficiency. Measured and simulated results based on the proposed structure are in a good agreement, which indicates that this novel type of BFN has good characteristics and presents an excellent candidate in the development of intelligent microwave and millimeter-wave multibeam antenna systems.

摘要：A 40-60 t/h modularized dry coal beneficiation process with a novel method to control the bed was designed around a gas-solid fluidized bed separator. Furthermore, the hydrodynamics of medium-solids consisting of wide-size-range magnetite powder （0.3-0.06 ram） and 〈1 mm fine coal were numerically studied. The simulation results show that the fluidization performance of the wide-size-range medium-solid bed is good. The separation performance of the modularized system was then investigated in detail using a mixture of 〈0.3 mm magnetite powder （mass fraction of 0.3-0.06 mm particles is 91.38 %） and 〈1 mm fine coal as solid media. The experimental results show that at separation densities of 1.33 g/cm^3 or 1.61 g/cm^3, 50-6 mm coal can be separated effectively with probable error, E, values of 0.05 g/cm^3 and 0.06 g/cm^3, respectively. This technique is beneficial for saving water resources and for the clean utilization of coal.

摘要：在中温平板型固体氧化物燃料电池(ITSOFC)设计中,可以采用金属作为连接材料。Fe-16Cr合金是较为理想的金属连接材料,它存在的主要问题是连接体阴极侧表面的高温氧化和腐蚀,会导致电池性能的迅速降低。本研究采用空气等离子喷涂的方法喷涂了La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-σ(LSM)钙钛矿型保护涂层在金属连接板的表面,并讨论了主要过程参数及其作用效果。研究发现,喷涂后热处理是降低涂层孔隙率的有效方法,经喷涂-热处理后,涂层的孔隙率可降至1%以下。等离子喷涂LSM保护涂层后,Fe-16Cr合金的耐高温氧化性能明显提高,氧化速率降低了76%。

摘要：Motivated by the objective of pursuing revenue, improvement in coverage and reduction in energy cost for wireless communication networks have been of great significance for mobile operators. Therefore, heterogeneous cellular networks(HCNs) and Coordinated Multipoint(Co MP) transmission are considered as promising solutions to enhance the performances of wireless communication systems. This paper analyzed the K-tier HCNs with a dynamic downlink Co MP scheme, in which the flexible clusters of cooperative stations are determined by a connecting threshold θ. Using stochastic geometry, the coverage probability(CP) and energy efficiency(EE) of a K-tier HCN operating under this scheme are derived, based on which the trade-off between CP and EE is discovered and discussed. Simulation results show the validity of our derivations. The proposed schememay significantly reduce energy consumption sacrificing a small amount of CP, and outperforms the fixed scheme as well. The CP-EE trade-off are also revealed, whichsuggests suitable trade-off points between CP and EE that will deliver the maximum economic profitability. Tendencies discovered in this paper may provide the operators with opportunities for further optimization in pursuit of economic profitability.

摘要：This paper presents an interactive graphics processing unit （GPU）-based relighting system in which local lighting condition, surface materials and viewing direction can all be changed on the fly. To support these changes, we simulate the lighting transportation process at run time, which is normally impractical for interactive use due to its huge computational burden. We greatly alleviate this burden by a hierarchical structure named a transportation tree that clusters similar emitting samples together within a perceptually acceptable error bound. Furthermore, by exploiting the coherence in time as well as in space, we incrementally adjust the clusters rather than computing them from scratch in each frame. With a pre-computed visibility map, we are able to efficiently estimate the indirect illumination in parallel on graphics hardware, by simply summing up the radiance shoots from cluster representatives, plus a small number of operations of merging and splitting on clusters. With relighting based on the time-varying clusters, interactive update of global illumination effects with multi-bounced indirect lighting is demonstrated in applications to material animation and scene decoration.